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HSC 308: Exam #1 > practice quizzes > Flashcards

practice quizzes Flashcards

0
Q

the term “maximal oxygen uptake” was introduced in 1924 by?

A

A.V. Hill

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1
Q

which scientists whose research work involved muscle or muscular exercise were awarded a Nobel Prize?

A

A.V. Hill
August Krogh
Otto Meyerhof

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2
Q

Otto Meyerhof is recognized for his work on what?

A

oxygen uptake and lactic acid production in muscle

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3
Q

The scientist who developed a respiratory gas analyzer that bears his name is?

A

August Krogh

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4
Q

Two European scientists who did pioneering work in the role of VO2 max and lactic acid in the control of breathing during exercise were

A

C.G. Douglas and J.S. Haldane

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5
Q

The Harvard Fatigue Laboratory was open from 1927 to 1947. T/F?

A

true

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6
Q

Dr. D.B. Dill’s classic exercise physiology text is….

A

The Harvard Fatigue Laboratory

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7
Q

A fellow of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory who developed the chemical gas analyzer was…

A

Peter F. Scholander

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8
Q

President Kennedy expressed concerns about the nation’s fitness in an article called…

A

The Soft American

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9
Q

The surgeon general’s report suggested that physical activity was shown to…..

A

reduce the risk of death from heart disease
lower the risk of diabetes
help maintain weight

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10
Q

approximately __________ of Americans do not participate in any physical activity

A

25%

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11
Q

The acronym ACSM stands for……

A

the American College of Sports Medicine

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12
Q

Which journal did the American Physiology Society publish in 1948 to bring together work in exercise and environmental physiology?

A

Journal of Applied Physiology

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13
Q

In 1969, ACSM first published the research journal ______

A

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

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14
Q

the term “basic research” usually refers to

A

examining the mechanisms underlying a physiological issue

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15
Q

the term “applied research” usually refers to ________

A

describing the responses of persons to exercise, environmental factors, and nutritional factors

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16
Q

exercise physiology research is moving along a continuum to the domain of ____

A

cell biology

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17
Q

the nervous system can be divided into

A

central and peripheral
autonomic and somatic
sensory and motor

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18
Q

the axon carries the action potential ______ from the nerve cell body

A

away

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19
Q

the discontinuous sheath that covers the outside of most axons is _______

A

myelin

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20
Q

the resting membrane potential of a neuron is generally _______

A

-40 to -75 mv

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21
Q

the resting membrane potential is maintained by __________

A

sodium/potassium pump

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22
Q

the first step of the generation of an action potential is

A

the entry of sodium into the cell

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23
Q

neurotransmitters that cause depolarization of membranes are called?

A

temporal summation

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24
Q

proprioceptors include

A

muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
joint receptors

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25
Q

the withdrawal reflex results in

A

contraction of flexor muscles on the side stimulated

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26
Q

slow, controlled movements are generated by the

A

basal ganglia

27
Q

evidence exists to suggest that the control of movement in response to feedback from proprioceptors is carried out by the

A

cerebellum

28
Q

the first step in performing a voluntary movement is thought to occur in the

A

subcortical and cortical areas

29
Q

neurons in the _____ division of the autonomic nervous system arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

A

sympathetic

30
Q

the neurotransmitter released at the effector organ by the sympathetic nervous system is primarily _______

A

norepinephrine

31
Q

repolarization occurs due to

A

increased permeability to potassium and decreased permeability to sodium

32
Q

synaptic transmission occurs when

A

sufficient amounts of neurotransmitters are released

33
Q

regular exercise results in improved health through the production of

A

brain growth factors

34
Q

the motor cortex controls motor activity with the aid of input from the

A

subcortical areas

35
Q

a muscle responsible for fine movement would have a _____ innervation ratio compared to a muscle involved in forceful movements

A

lower

36
Q

the ______ functions as a length detector in muscle

A

pacinian corpuscle

37
Q

a slow stretch on a muscle would result in muscle relaxation via the

A

Golgi tendon organ

38
Q

the striated appearance of skeletal muscle is due to the _____

A

arrangement of actin and myosin

39
Q

sarcomeres are divided from each separated other by

A

Z lines

40
Q

muscle fibers contract by the shortening of _____

A

their Z line to Z line distance

41
Q

which of the following occurs during muscle contraction?

A

H zone narrows

42
Q

the energy for muscular contraction comes from ______

A

the breakdown of ATP by myosin ATPase

43
Q

muscle fibers with a relatively small low number of mitochondria are

A

fast-twitch fibers

44
Q

the red pigment of type 1 fibers is due to _____

A

myoglobin

45
Q

the predominant muscle fiber of non-athletes is ______

A

type II

46
Q

what muscle fiber types would you expect to see in elite athletes

A

25-30% type I, 70-75% type II

47
Q

endurance training results may result in conversion of muscle fibers from

A

type IIx to type IIa

48
Q

a contraction where a muscle exerts tension but does not shorten in length is an _______

A

isometric contraction

49
Q

the amount of force generated by a muscle fiber depends primarily on

A

number of actin/myosin cross bridges in contact

50
Q

the velocity of muscle contraction is greatest when

A

the load on the muscle is low

51
Q

the amount of force generated by a group of muscles depends on

A

the type and number of motor units recruited
the initial length of the muscle
the nature of the neural stimulation the frequency of stimulation

52
Q

during exercise, muscular contractions are stimulated by

A

summation of excessive twitches

53
Q

the increase in muscle mass as a result of resistance training is due primarily to

A

hypertrophy

54
Q

the loss of muscle mass in aging humans is often due to

A

atrophy due to disuse

55
Q

from age 25 to 50 years the muscle mass lost is around

A

10%

56
Q

the muscle spindle acts directly on the

A

muscle

57
Q

resistance training in the elderly can prevent further muscle loss, but cannot improve during endurance T/F

A

false

58
Q

when comparing contractile properties of muscle fibers, which characteristic (s) is/are

A

maximal force production
speed of contraction
muscle fiber efficiency

59
Q

the fastest muscle fiber in humans is

A

type IIx

60
Q

type IIx fibers have

A

limited capacity for aerobic metabolism

61
Q

In determining muscle fiber type, fibers with the lowest myosin ATPase activity are

A

type I

62
Q

type II x fibers have

A

limited capacity for aerobic metabolism

63
Q

in the resting state, the myosin cross-bridges

A

remain connected to actin in a weak binding state

64
Q

the contraction cycle can continue as long as there is

A

ADP present both a and b (calcium present, ATP present)

HSC 308: Exam #1 (3 decks)

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