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cardiology > lipids, cholesterol biochemistry > Flashcards

lipids, cholesterol biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

function of chylomicrons

A

delivery dietary lipids

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2
Q

function of VLDL

A

deliver endogenous lipids

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3
Q

function of IDL

A

return endogenous lipids to the liver and are a LDL precursor

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4
Q

function of LDL

A

delivery cholesterol to cells

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5
Q

function of HDL

A

reverse cholesterol transport

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6
Q

what are the least dense lipoprotein molecules

A

chylomicrons

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7
Q

what are the most density

A

HDL

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8
Q

what are the three apolipoproteins on chyloicrons

A

apoC II
apoB-48
ApoE
apoA-1

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9
Q

where are chylomicrons made

A

in the intestine

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10
Q

mature chylomicrons have what two apoplipoproteins taht they acquired in the blood

A

apoE and ApoCII

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11
Q

what is the function of apoCII

A

helps activate lipoprotein lipase

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12
Q

what is the function of ApoE

A

when exposed it acts as a ligand for receptor that allows lipoprotein clearance

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13
Q

who helps give the liporpoteins to chylomicrons in the blood

A

HDL (donates ApoCII and ApoE)

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14
Q

what are the receptors for chylomicron remnants going into the liver

A

LRP for ApoE

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15
Q

VLDL transports ________lipids and the apoprotein for VLDL is __________ and has rich TG content

A

endogenous, apoprotein B 100

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16
Q

______activates LPL

A

apoCII

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17
Q

beta remnants of VLDL are called

A

IDL

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18
Q

IDL remnants can acquire additional cholesterol from HDL particles in the circulation and become

A

LDL particles

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19
Q

what is the apoprotein on LDL cells

A

apob 100

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20
Q

______returns cholesterol to the liver

A

HDL

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21
Q

what are the two important apoproteins on HDL

A

apoA-1 and ApoE

22
Q

_____is activated by ApoA-1

A

LCAT

23
Q

what does LCAT do

A

esterifies cholesterol

24
Q

function of ApoA1

A

actiaves LCAT, structural HDL component

25
Q

function of apoB48

A

assembl/secretion of chylomicrons from the small intestine

26
Q

apob100 function

A

VLDL assembly/secretion (liver), VLDL, IDL, LDL structural protein LDL receptor ligand

27
Q

function of apo(a)

A

linked via a disulfide bond to apoB100

28
Q

how do you calculate LDL from a cholesterol screen

A

LDL equal to total cholesteroal–HDL-1/5 triglycerides (if less than 400)

29
Q

what is the rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis

A

HMG CoA reductase

30
Q

_______- and __________-activate HMG-COA reductase

A

insulin and thyroxine

31
Q

Glucagon and sterols _____to HMG Coa Redutase

A

deactivate it

32
Q

what is the most reliable marker for unstable atherosclerotic plaque

A

CRP

33
Q

homocysteine competes with __________binding on methylases leading to decreased methylation

A

SAM

34
Q

deficiency in what vitamines has a correlation with atherosclerosis

A

B vitamins

35
Q

type I hyperlipidemias primary cause

A

apocII or LPL deficiency

36
Q

type I lipoproteinf ractions

A

increased chylomicrons, increased TG

37
Q

type IIa liporptein fractions

A

LDL increased

38
Q

primary defect for type IIa

A

defect in the LDL receptor

39
Q

type IIB lipoprotein fractions

A

LDL, VLDL, TG

40
Q

primary defect for type IIb

A

defect in LDL receptor for endocytosis

41
Q

type III primary defect

A

defect in apoE

42
Q

type IV primary defect

A

multiple factors

43
Q

type V defect

A

LPL deficiency + increased VLDL production

44
Q

what are the lipoprotein fractions for type III

A

increased IDL

45
Q

what are the increased lipoprotein for type IV

A

VLDL and TG

46
Q

what are the increaed lipoprotein for type V

A

VLDL, TG and chyloimicrons

47
Q

pts with type I also present with

A

xanthoma, recurrent abdominal pain and hepatosplenomegaly

48
Q

defects in the LDL-R may be

A

absent or truncated protein
protein not on the surface
protein doesn’t bind LDL
protein doesn’t cluster or interalize

49
Q

total cholesterol should be aimed for

A

less than 200 greater than 20, less that 170 in less than 20

50
Q

_______reduces absorption of dietary cholesterol

A

ezetimibe

cardiology (11 decks)

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