27. Body Movement Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 27. Body Movement Deck (17)
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1
Q

what are four funcitons of a skeleton?

A
  1. a scaffold to support rrame work and protect internal organs
  2. lever which is required for movment
  3. mineral stores of calcium and phosphours
  4. the produciton of important blood cells (RBC and WBC)
2
Q

what is involved in the axial skeleton? (4 points)

and appendicular skeleton

A
  • the skull
  • sternum
  • ribs
  • vertebrae

appendicular skelton is everything else

3
Q

what are the 5 types of bones?

A
  1. the long bone
  2. short bone
  3. flat bone
  4. irregular bone
  5. sesamoid bone
4
Q

what is the definition of a joint?

A

bones held tightly together by fibrous connective tissue or cartiliage

5
Q

what are the three main types of joints?

A

fixed - immovable and fibrous (skull)

semi moveable (cartiliginous) - vertebrae

moveable (synioval) - shoulder

6
Q

what is the structure and function of a fixed/immovable joint?

A

they overlap and interlock, held together by fibrous connective tissue. this is to protect important organs inside - eg brain

7
Q

what is the structure and funciton of semi moveable joints?

A

they are held togtether by ligaments and joined by articular cartilage. this is so they can move but still be stable and provide support. also act as a shock absorber

8
Q

what is the structure and function of movable synovial joints?

A

synovial fluid fills the cavity wtih articular cartilage at the end of the bone. allows for fluid movement and flexibilty it the joint

9
Q

what are the 5 types of synovial joints?

A
  1. hinge - fingers and elbow
  2. ball and socket - shoulder
  3. pivot - neck
  4. saddle - thumb
  5. gliding - scapula
10
Q

what are ligaments?

A

very strong bands of fabrous connective tissue, hold the bones of a joint together

11
Q

what are the three types of muscle?

A

caridac muscle

smooth muscle

skeltal muscle

12
Q

how do muscles move?

A

they can only pull - not push

ie they can lenghthen under tenstion or actively shorten

13
Q

when a muscle moves, what happens to the bones and joints surrounding it?

A

they exert a force on a bone via a tendon

this cause rotation around a joint

the bones act as levers around the pivots or fulcurm of the joints

shortneing occurs when resistance occurs

14
Q

what is the first class lever?

A

the head resting on the the verebral column - posterior neck muscles provide musle force

its effiecent

15
Q

what is a second class lever?

A

rising up on your toes - resistance is the body weight

a good lever that can overcome large loads with less effort

16
Q

what is a third class lever?

A

elbox flexion - resistance is weight of the forearm and the fulcrum is the elbow joint

its the most common lever but its a poor lever - although its fast and has a large ROM

17
Q

what is the muscle attachement performance trade off?

A

the further the muscle attachemnt form the joint (fulcrum) the greater the force but less range of motion and speed

this is why theres a trade off