W03_03 autoimmunity Flashcards
how do t cells develop tolerance?
positive and negative selection in the thymus
how do b cells develop tolerance?
negative selection in the bone marrow
where are the immunologically privileged sites
brain/eye, testis, uterus (fetus)
name 3 mechanisms involved in peripheral tolerance
regulatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-beta);
immunoinhibitory molecules (CTLA-4, PD-1);
Tregs
what are the two main categories of autoimmune diseases?
systemic and organ-specific
what’s the difference between nTreg and iTreg?
thymic-derived and induced
what do Tr1 cells produce?
IL-10 and TGF-beta (both anti inflammatory)
what is ipex syndrome?
rapidly lethal autoimmune disease from a single gene mutation (Foxp3)
what does IPEX stand for?
immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked
what kinds of antibodies are made in SLE?
anti-nuclear; anti-dsDNA is a more specific one
what is systemic sclerosis?
scleroderma - progresssive fibrosis of skin and internal organs
what part of the immune system causes MS?
primary mediated by T cells
note: there is autoimmunity associated with cancer. What is this called?
paraneoplastic disease
what is suspected to have been the cause of the disease in the exorcism
ovarian tumour secreting anti-NMDAR
what is CTLA-4?
an immunoinhibitory molecule for peripheral tolerance
