Study Guide 1 Questions Flashcards
Late 1600s:
LIGHT MICROSCOPE (VISUALIZATION OF CELLS)
- Van Leeuwenhoek: Visualized organisms in pond water
- Robert Hooke: viewed dead cork
1800:
CELLS AND CELL THEORY
- Theordor Schwann–animal cells
- Matthias Schleiden–plant cells
- Rudolph Virchow–Cell Theory
Early 1900’s:
GENETICS/BIOCHEMISTRY:
- Walter Sutton–enzymes
- Thomas Hunt Morgan–genetics
- Archibald gerrod–Genetic diseases
- Beadle and Tatum–one gene/one enzyme
1950-1970:
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:
Watson & Crick deduced the structure of DNA, Leading to rapid advances in molecular biology
DNA to RNA to Protein
[ELECTRON MICROSCOPY]
~1970’s:
BIOTECHNOLOGY:
- Isolation of Genes
- Gene Transfer
- PCR-Polymerase reaction
2000 and beyond:
Genomics
Proteomics
Imaging
High-ThroughPut
[CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY]
1970’s:
Rise of recombinant DNA
- Isolating and cloning genes
- DNA sequencing
Provide 2 Examples of technical innovations that advanced the field of Cell Biology:
1-Watson & Crick deducing the structure of DNA
2-
Archibald Garrod:
-Associated human genetic Disease with biochemical defect
Beadle and Tatum:
- Used bread mold
- Screened for mutations in metabolism
- connected genes to enzymes
- Formulated One Gene = One Enzyme
Walter Sutton (Chromosomal theory of Inheritance):
Chromosomes are units of heredity
-He visualized chromosomes in dividing germ cells
Thomas Hunt Morgan (Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance)
-Initiated genetic model systems
Linked sex chromosomes to inheritance of particular chromosomes.
Prokaryotes:
(Eubacteria and Archea)
- Single celled organism
- No nucleus
- No membrane bound organelle
- DNA is circular and not complexed with protein.
Eukaryote:
- Single and multicellular
- Plants, animals, fungi
- Contains nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- DNA in form of Chromosomes
SIZE: Prokaryote Vs Eukaryote
-Eukaryotes are about 2X the size of a Prokaryote
- Eukaryotic cell (5-20 Micrometers/Microns)
- Prokaryotic cell ( 1-10 microns)
