Ch 2

Question 1

Campbell Collaboration

Answer 1

An international organization that conducts meta-analyses in order to discover what works in criminology

Question 2

Case study

Answer 2

See Life History

Question 3

Classical Experimental Design

Answer 3

A research design that has equivalence, an experimental and a control group, and a pre- and post test

Question 4

Code of Ethics (For Research)

Answer 4

Requirements that researchers behave ethically in conducting research

Question 5

Confidentiality

Answer 5

The requirement in research that the researcher protect the identity of his or her subjects

Question 6

Crime Index

Answer 6

A measure of crime (Part I crimes) that results in the calculation of the crime rate.

Question 7

Crime rate

Answer 7

The number of index crimes divided by the population times 100,000

Question 8

Dark figure of crime

Answer 8

Unmeasured or undiscovered crime

Question 9

Ethical conduct in research

Answer 9

Basic behavior that is expected in moral and ethical research

Question 10

Evidence-based research

Answer 10

Research findings that are based on replicated, experimental research

Question 11

Experiments

Answer 11

Research that involves variations of the classic experimental design employing equivalence, pre- and posttests, and experimental and control groups.

Question 12

Index crimes

Answer 12

Part I crimes in the Uniform Crime Reports that are used to construct the violent crime and property crime indexes

Question 13

Life History

Answer 13

A qualitative, case study method of examining a subject’s life history

Question 14

Methodological Narcissism

Answer 14

The belief that one’s favorite method is best

Question 15

Methodology (Methods)

Answer 15

The attempt to gather data that are accurate

Question 16

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Answer 16

A survey of the general public to measure claimed crime victimization

Question 17

National Incident-Based Recoding System (NIBRS)

Answer 17

A system for recording far more detail on crime incidents that is intended to replace the UCR

Question 18

Objectivity

Answer 18

The idea that researchers should be neutral or unbiased in examining their subject matter

Question 19

Operationalization

Answer 19

Describing how a concept is being measured

Question 20

Part I Crimes

Answer 20

The index crimes or crimes that are used in order to calculate the crime rate

Question 21

Part II Crimes

Answer 21

The nonindex crimes that are not used in the calculation of the crime rate

Question 22

Participant Observation

Answer 22

A methodology that involves the observation of a group by participating in varying degrees in its activities

Question 23

Reciprocity

Answer 23

A system of mutual obligation between researcher and subject

Question 24

Reliability

Answer 24

The consistency or suitability of measurement

Question 25

Self-reports measures

Answer 25

Self-admission surveys of admitted crime

Question 26

Simulation

Answer 26

Games that mimic reality

Question 27

Surveys

Answer 27

Various ways of gathering data that include mail questionnaires, interviews, and telephone and internet surveys

Question 28

Theory

Answer 28

Plausible explanation of reality

Question 29

Triangulation

Answer 29

The use of multiple research methods

Question 30

Unfounded crimes

Answer 30

Crimes that the police decide never took place

Question 31

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

Answer 31

Official police report on crime maintained by the FBI

Question 32

Unobtrusive Measures

Answer 32

Nonreactive methods of data gathering in which the subjects are unaware that they are being studied

Question 33

Validity

Answer 33

The accuracy of measurement

Question 34

Variable

Answer 34

Concept that varies or that can take on different numerical values

Question 35

Victim Surveys

Answer 35

Surveys of the general public to measure the rate and circumstances of victimization