Enzymes & the digestive system - Enzymes & digestion

Question 1

digestion - physical breakdown

Answer 1

• large food broken down into smaller pieces by teeth
• this provides a large surface area for chemical digestion
• muscles in stomach wall churn food

Question 2

digestion - chemical digestion

Answer 2

• breaks down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones
• all digestion enzymes function by hydrolysis

Question 3

chemical digestion enzymes

Answer 3

carbohydrates - break down carbs to monosaccharides
lipases - break down lipds into glycerol & fatty acids
proteases - break down protiens into amino acids

Question 4

function of oesophagus

Answer 4

• carries food from mouth to stomach

- adapted for transport, has a thick muscular wall

Question 5

function of stomach

Answer 5

• store, digest food(especially proteins)
• muscular sac
• glands produce enzymes that digest proteins
• mucus prevents stomach being digested by own enzymes

Question 6

function of small intestine

Answer 6

absorbs products of digestion into the blood stream

• long muscular tube
• walls produce enzymes that digest food further
• inner walls folded into villi w/ microvilli(surface area)

Question 7

function of large intestine

Answer 7

• absorbs water

- food within large intestines become drier and thicker in consistency (forms faeces)

Question 8

function of salivary glands

Answer 8

• pass secretions containing amylase via duct into mouth

- this breaks down starch into maltose

Question 9

function of pancreas

Answer 9

• produces secretion called pancreatic juice
  containing. ..
• proteases - digest proteins
• lipases - digest lipids
• amylases - digest starch