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EPPP > Clinical Psychology/Intervention > Flashcards

Clinical Psychology/Intervention Flashcards

1
Q

Best treatment for chronic pain

A

Comprehensive tx, focusing on teaching coping skills to alleviate pain & increasing sense of control, incorporates hypnosis

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2
Q

6 phases of classical Adlerian psychotherapy

A

Support, Encouragement, Insight, Change, Challenge, MetaTherapy; there are 12 stages within these phases reflecting progressive strategies to awaken client’s underdeveloped sense of community

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3
Q

According to Ellis’ Rational Emotive Therapy, what is self indoctrination?

A

During early childhood, children internalize critical attitude of parents & perpetuate that as they grow older

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4
Q

Treatment of Specific Phobia

A

Brief In Vivo Exposure, often within 2 to 4 sessions; cognitive techniques may not improve effects substantially

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5
Q

Smith & Glass (1977)

A

1st meta analysis: allows researchers to stat compare several independent studies to yield single effect size indicating magnitude of IV’s effect

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6
Q

3 Categories of Behavioral Interventions

A

Based on:
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning Theory

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7
Q

2 Broad categories of Class Cond Interventions

A

Counterconditioning

Classical Extinction

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8
Q

Interventions based on counterconditioning principles

A

Aversive Conditioning
Systematic Desensitization
Sensate Focus
Assertiveness Training

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9
Q

Reciprocal Inhibition

A

Foundational principle of counterconditioning

Idea that 2 incompatible responses cannot be experienced at same time, so stronger will inhibit the weaker

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10
Q

Aversive Cond

A

Only for deviant bxs;
CS paired w/stronger negative stim
Ex: smoking paired w/electric shock (in vivo)
Ex: smoking paired w/imagining lungs blackening (covert sensitization)
Short term benefit, high rates of recidivism

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11
Q

Theorist assoc w/Systematic Desensitization

A

Joseph Wolpe

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12
Q

Systematic Desens most commonly treats ____

A

specific phobias

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13
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

Pt taught to relax deeply
Then create anxiety hierarchy
Teach client to relax while exposing to least to highest anxiety provoking event
*CS paired w/deep relaxation

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14
Q

True or False: Systematic Desens is the most efficacious tx for specific phobia.

A

False- prolonged & intense exposure (flooding) more effective

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15
Q

Sensate Focus

A

Masters & Johnson; reduce sexual perf anxiety by initially abstaining from intercourse, then focus on body massage until anxiety eliminated

  • Targets the arousal sex cycle
  • CS paired w/massage
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16
Q

Sexual Response Cycles (4 stages)

A 
Masters & Johnson
Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution
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17
Q

Assertiveness training

A 
Social anxiety (CS) paired w/assertive bxs, leading to reduced distress & more effective coping
start w/role plays move to real life situations
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18
Q

Interventions based on Classical Extinction

A

Flooding
Implosive Therapy
*CS presented repeatedly w/o US until CS no longer elicits CR

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19
Q

Flooding

A

Often don’t know what the US was to elicit fear response to CS, but tx focused on exposure to feared situation w/o option of fleeing
*Prolonged exposure (45 min) more effective than multiple brief periods

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20
Q

Implosive Therapy

A

Stampfl; imagination only, exposure to feared object & therapist interps psychosexual themes

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21
Q

2 Broad Categories of Intervention based on Operant Conditioning

A

Reinforcement

Punishment (or aversive control of bx)

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22
Q

Functional Assessment of Bx

A

Performed prior to operant conditioning based tx
Define target bx
Determine antecedents & consequences
Id contingencies (reinf & punishers) that maintain the bx
*this allows for creation of bx mod program

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23
Q

3 types of reinforcers

A

Primary- reinforce everyone (food)
Secondary-acquire value thru experience (praise)
Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers-not inherently reinforcing, but all access to other reinforcers (money)

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24
Q

Interventions based on reinforcement

A 
Shaping
Token Economy
Contingency Contracting
Premack Principle
Differential Reinforcement
Self Reinforcement
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25
Q

Contingency contracting

A

Focuses on bx in naturalistic environ, between 2 ppl

Id bxs ppl most want from one another, then negotiate a contract for their exchange

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26
Q

Differential Reinf of other bxs

A

combines extinction w/pos reinf

Ex: Ignore E when she whines, respond enthusiastically when she speaks like a big girl

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27
Q

Stimulus control

A

Narrow range of stimuli that elicit a particular bx (don’t have junk food around) & develop incompatible responses (go for walk instead of snacking)

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28
Q

Interventions based on punishment or aversive control of bx

A

Positive punishment
Escape Learning
Avoidance learning
Overcorrection

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29
Q

Escape learning

A

Aversive stim cannot be avoided, but can be stopped by emitting the desired bx
Ex: person being mugged can make assailant go away by giving wallet

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30
Q

Avoidance learning

A

Aversive stim can be avoided if you emit desired bx in time; there is typically a cue or discriminative stim to prompt bx
Ex: pay bills on time, avoid late fee

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31
Q

Overcorrection

A

Punishment that involves restitution of some kind & physical guidance
Ex: child makes mess in living room, must clean up that room plus another

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32
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

A

Ellis; 1st CBT approach
Coined term irrational beliefs
Proposed ABC model to clarify role of cognition in bx
Not the Activating event itself, but the person’s beliefs about the event that dictate C
D-Disputing intervention
E-adoption of more effective belief
F-new feelings

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33
Q

Major procedural components of REBT

A

direct instruction
persuasion
logical disputation
*provides alt philosophical system by relying on reason as modifying beliefs

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34
Q

Beck’s CBT emphasizes ___ ___ ___, where clients are taught to test the validity of their beliefs; often uses ____ ___

A

empirical hypothesis testing; socratic questioning

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35
Q

In Beck’s CBT theory, psych symptoms are the result of ___

A

automatic maladaptive thoughts/logical errors

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36
Q

Beck’s Maladaptive Cognitive Triad

A

Negative view of the self
Negative view of the world
Negative view of the future

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37
Q

Meichenbaum’s Cognitive Behavior Modification: 2 programs

A

Self instructional training
Stress Inoculation Training
*Emphasized use of positive self statements

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38
Q

Self instruction training has been empirically supported as a tx for ____

A

ADHD

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39
Q

Self Instruction therapy: 5 steps

A

Meichenbaum

  1. Therapist Modeling
  2. Therapist Verbalization
  3. Patient Verbalization
  4. Patient silently talks through task
  5. Independent task perf
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40
Q

Stress Inoculation Training: Central concept

A

Meichenbaum: bolstering a person’s repertoire of coping resp to a milder stressor decreases vulnerability to more severe stress

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41
Q

3 phases of Stress Inoculation training

A
  1. Education & cognitive prep- taught about importance of cognitive interp of a situation in dictating stress response
  2. Coping skills acquisition (relaxation, coping self statements, imagery, thought stopping)
  3. Application of skills in imagination & in vivo
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42
Q

Self Control Model of Depression

A

Rehm; views depression & low rate of bx (i.e. anhedonia, lack of involvement) as a result of:
neg self evaluations
lack of self reinforcement
high rates of self punishment

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43
Q

Marlatt’s model of Relapse Prevention

A

Views addiction as an overlearned habit, where relapse is inevitable, pt taught to view relapse as a setback to be learned from

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44
Q

Marlatt proposed that the most common relapse trigger is _____

A

pt’s emotional state.

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45
Q

3 parts structuring personality, according to Freud

A

The Id
The Ego
The SuperEgo

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46
Q

The ID

A

primitive, instinctual part of psyche
basic drives- libido (eros) & aggression (thanatos
operates on pleasure principle

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47
Q

The Ego

A

Operates on reality principle-awareness of world & consequences
Main task: suspend or satisfy Id impulses through socially acceptable means

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48
Q

The Superego

A

Forces ego to satisfy id in a manner that is moral & ethical
Guilt is primary weapon
believed to evolve as the child successfully passes through the Oedipal stage

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49
Q

Freud: neurotic anxiety the result of ____, and leads to ____, so these forbidden impulses cannot enter consciousness

A

id impulses breaking through the ego; defense mechanisms

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50
Q

Freud: Repression

A

most common defense mech; “motivated forgetting”

**Fundamental aspect of ALL defense mechanisms (making the conscious unconscious)

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51
Q

Freud: Regression

A

guarding against anxiety by retreating to earlier, less demanding stage of dev

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52
Q

Freud: Projection

A

Seeing one’s unconscious urges in another person’s bx

suspicion common outcome

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53
Q

Freud: Displacement

A

Transference of emotions to a substitute object or symbolic representation
Can play a role in phobias- ex: fear of snakes related to underlying fear of sex

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54
Q

Freud:Reaction Formation

A

Engage in bxs exact opposite of id urges.

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55
Q

Freud: Intellectualization

A

Distancing self from feelings

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56
Q

Freud: Sublimation

A

finding soc acceptable ways of discharging energy from unconscious desires

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57
Q

Freud: Rationalization

A

come up w/self satisfying yet incorrect reason’s for one’s bx

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58
Q

Alloplastic vs autoplastic defenses

hint: pers d/os use alloplastic & neurotics use autoplastic

A

alloplastic: blame ext environ
autoplastic: blame self

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59
Q

Psychoanalysis involves 4 steps:

A 
Clarification
Confrontation
Interpretation
Working through
*free association is cornerstone
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60
Q

Extensions of Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic Theories

A

Ego Psych
Object Relations
Self Psych
Neo-Freudians

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61
Q

Major dynamic theorist departing from psychoanalysis

A

Adler (Ind Psych)

Jung (Analytical psych)

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62
Q

Ego Psychology proposes that the ego ____

A

acts as the guide to mastery of life, not as the helpless rider of the id

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63
Q

Major Ego Psychologists

A

Heinz Hartmann
Anna Freud
Erik Erikson

64
Q

Heinz Hartmann

A

“Father of ego psych”
proposed parallel dev of id and ego; ppl not only driven by passion but also by thought
differentiated btwn defensive ego fxs & ego autonomous fxs
“conflict free sphere” for ego fxs that develop outside of conflict

65
Q

Anna Freud

A

Noted the ego’s ability to reconcile drive conflicts w/demands of reality
Applied psychoanalysis to children, but allowed strong positive bond and interpreted words over play

66
Q

Erik Erikson

A

Combined ego psych w/psychosoc life span theory: human bx result of interaction btwn internal world of the psyche & external social world
Proposed dev occurs in response to social crises, series of stages

67
Q

Object Relations Theory

A

Focused on capacity to have mutually satisfying interpersonal relationships
Object= relationship of infant to another person
Proposed an inherent drive toward satisfying object relationships
Therapy focused on integrating split off parts of self

68
Q

Melanie Klein

A

Object Relations theorist;
Described splitting as major defense mech when infant has hostile feelings toward loved object, which prevents object constancy (ability to recognize the object as one person w/good and bad tendencies
-Worked w/children, saw play as a form of free association

69
Q

D.W. Winnicott

A

Emphasized importance of being a “good enough mother
Described pathology as result of abandoning true self for a false self
Importance of Transitional Object to link children to mothers

70
Q

Margaret Mahler

A

Object Relations Theorist
Proposed development through processes of separation (become distinct phys entity through distancing) & individuation (become psychologically ind thru dev of mature ego fxs)

71
Q

Self Psychology

A

KOHUT
Focused on infantile development of narcissism-healthy/natural focus on getting needs met
Appr caretaking satisfies selfobject needs (mirroring, idealizing, and twinship)

72
Q

Self psychologists focus on ____ ___ w/pts and prefer __ __ interpretations

A

empathic attunement

experience near

73
Q

According to Neo Freudians, pathology results from:

A

faulty learning

characterological maladaptive style of interacting w/environment

74
Q

In therapy, NeoFreudians:

A

focus on identifying & correcting misinterpretations re:the bx of others

75
Q

Major Neo-Freudian theorists

A

Harry Stack Sullivan
Karen Horney
Erich Fromm

76
Q

Harry Stack Sullivan

A

neo Freudian

Interpersonal theory-personality only exists in emotional exchange w/other ppl

77
Q

Sullivan’s 3 modes of existence

A

Prototaxic-birth to 7 mos, isolated sensory exp
Parataxic-8 to 11 mos, sequential sensations serves as only conception of causality
Syntaxic- 12 mos to 2 yrs; causal sensation, logic, ability to predict based on knowledge

78
Q

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): 4 commonly targeted areas

A 
Based largely on Sullivan's work
Focused on here & now
4 commonly targeted areas:
Grief 
Role dispute
Role Transition
Interpersonal deficits
79
Q

Karen Horney

A 
NeoFreudian
Neurosis is culturally defined construct
3 neurotic trends:
1. Moving compliantly toward others
2. Moving aggressively toward others
3. Moving detachedly away from others
80
Q

Erich Fromm

A

NeoFreudian
Incorp concepts from Marx & existentialism
believed freedom frightened ppl
2 modes of existence: “having” and “being”
healthier ppl live in “being” mode

81
Q

Alfred Adler

A

Asserted humans motivated by social (aggressive) rather than sexual urges
Happiness related to social connectedness & ability to transcend self
Pathology result of desire for belonging mistakenly channeled into power, attention, inadequacy or revenge

82
Q

Acc to Adler, a person is more likely to engage in maladaptive bx if they _____

A

are more focused on struggle for power at the expense of social interest

83
Q

Adler proposed that neurosis is result of compensation for natural feelings of ____by adopting unproductive lifestyle

A

Inadequacy

84
Q

In therapy Adlerians look for ___ and _____; focus on encouraging the pt

A

mistaken goals; faulty assumptions

85
Q

Adlerians emphasize a ____ view of bx, meaning that bx is seen as determined by future rather than the past

A

teleological

86
Q

STEP Program

A

Systematic Training in Effective Parenting
Adler’s work applied to education & parenting
Democratic approach to parenting that values child’s contributions
Understand misbehavior as reflecting 4 mistaken goals (attention, power, revenge, giving up)

87
Q

Jungian Psychology: structure of psyche incl:

A

Conscious ego
Personal unconscious
Collective unconscious

88
Q

Collective Unconscious

A

Contains archetypes-primordial images/ideas that are inherited & common to all humans from beg of life

89
Q

In Jungian Psychology, neurosis is result of

A

struggle to free from interference of archetypes w/progress toward personality integration
-we are striving toward psychological maturity, or individuation

90
Q

Humanism/Existentialism focus on entering the pt’s subjective world, also known as a ______ approach

A

phenomenological

91
Q

Hum & Existentialism emphasize____ and focus on ___

A

freedom, choice, meaning, purpose, autonomy; the present

92
Q

Key figure in humanist psych, ___, believed we proceed thru hierarchy of needs toward self actualization

A

Maslow

93
Q

Existentialists:

A

believe no internal nature, no intrinsic meaning, have to make something of what is meaningless

94
Q

Client/Person Centered Therapy

A

Rogers
Central concept: Phenomenal self, or private work of experience & meaning; therapist creates accepting atmosphere where clients grow thru the rel, form more pos vioew of self, and direct themselves toward more self actualizing patterns of bx
therapist clarifies feelings, without judging or elaborating on them

95
Q

3 characteristics of Client Centered Therapy

A

Empathy
Warmth
Genuineness

96
Q

Gestalt Therapy

A

Perls
Focus of therapy is becoming aware of whole personality by discovering those aspects blocked from awareness
Perceptions based on gestalts (combos of figure-what is attended to- and ground- what is ignored)
*therapy is active & focused on awareness, experience, affective expression, not cognitive analysis of bx

97
Q

Gestalt techniques

A

Empty chair-take both sides of conflict, pretend to speak to someone for whom client has unresolved feelings
Dreams- client take on different roles in the dream, reflecting different aspects of the person

98
Q

Reality Therapy

A

Glasser
Key feature is responsibility- clarify pt’s values & help them evaluate current bx in relation to values
Help clients decide on realistic solutions, use of contracts

99
Q

Choice Theory, or Control Theory

A

Key element of reality therapy
proposes we create an inner “need satisfying world” and bx is an attempt to control our perceptions of the external world to fit the internal world

100
Q

Schools Without Failures

A

based on Glasser’s reality therapy

used to reduce dropout rates

101
Q

Transactional Analysis (TA)

A

Berne
looks at intent behind communication and eliminates deceit
Involves structural analysis, transactional analysis, analysis of games, & script analysis
concept of life scripts

102
Q

Conditions treated by hypnosis

A

Chronic pain-medium trance (relief) deep trance (like anesthesia)
asthma
conversion sxs
substance use

103
Q

Common biofeedback procedures

A

Thermal biofeedback- treats migraines & renoads dis
Electromyography (EMG)-measures surface muscle tension; treats tension headaches, TMJ, back pain
Electroencephalography (EEG)-brain wave; ADHD, seizure disorders; targets alpha waves
Galvanic Skin Response-sweatiness, treats GAD

104
Q

Feminist therapists

A

View sexism as underlying problems, don’t focus on pathology
Egalitarian relationship
Advocate for sociopolitical change

105
Q

Transtheoretical Model of Bx Change

A 
Prochaska
Stages of Change
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action 
Maintenance
106
Q

Five Factor Theory of Personality/The Big 5

OCEAN

A

Costa & McCrae
Factor analysis of previous research on pers traits yielded 5 basic traits:
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism-high scores are insecure, anxious, moody

107
Q

____ is the big 5 trait most consistently assoc w/job success

A

Conscientiousness

108
Q

2 Major Theories influencing Family Therapy

A

General Systems Theory

Cybernetics

109
Q

Cybernetics

A

Circular nature of feedback loops;
neg feedback loops maintain status quo in the system
pos feedback loops increases change

110
Q

Marital schism & marital skew

A

Lidz-psychodynamic family therapy
2 types of deviant marital relationships
Schism- severe discord between parents, seek support from children, attempt to diminish worth of other parent
Skew- skewed toward meeting needs of one family member at the expense of another
*Both lack role reciprocity (common understanding & acceptance of each other’s roles & values)
Can use family sculpting as a technique

111
Q

Object Relations Family Therapy

A

Framo
Family members project unwanted elements of self onto others, such that therapy is focused on increasing awareness re: what is being projected
Framo known for meeting w/entire family of origin when working w/a troubled couple

112
Q

Structural Family Therapy

A

Minuchin
Family viewed as a system, assessed along dimensions of:
Hierarchy of power
Clarity & firmness of boundaries
Sig alliances & splits
*Therapist acts as expert, diagnosing & correcting dysfunctional elements
Therapist 1st joins the family, then shifts family’s positions to strengthen parental hierarchy/create clear & flexible boundaries

113
Q

Minuchin’s 3 chronic boundary problems

A

Triangulation-child caught in middle, ultimately becomes paralyzed
Detouring-false sense of harmony btwn parents, who blame one child for family difficulties
Stable Coalition-parent unites w/child against other parent

114
Q

In structural family therapy, what strategies unbalance family’s homeostasis

A

Therapist taking sides, blaming, coalitions

115
Q

Communications Family Therapists area also called the ___ group. They coined the term ___ ___

A

MRI; double bind

116
Q

3 elements of double bind communication acc to MRI group

A
  1. injunction telling person that if they do or don’t do something, they will be punished
  2. second nonverbal injunction conflicting with the first at an abstract level
  3. tertiary injunction prohibiting victim from escaping the field
117
Q

Communications family therapy sometimes uses paradoxical interventions, like _____

A

prescribing the symptom

118
Q

Strategic Family Therapy

A

Haley
combo of structural & comm family therapies
Normal family fxing involves flexibility, repertoire for problem soliving, clear rules around hierarchy
*Tx focused on resolving presenting concerns without addressing underlying conflicts and pathology

119
Q

Systemic Family Therapy

A

Milan group
General Systems theory, cyberkinetics (feedback loops), components of strategic theory (communication, reframing, paradox)

120
Q

Key Aspects of Systemic Family Therapy

A

Circular Questioning- aims at gathering info while also introducing new info into family system. ex- each family member is asked to express views on relationships & differences between other family members
Prescription of Rituals- alters family’s direction; typically incl secrecy, isolation, recording in notebooks, parental outings framed as disappearance

121
Q

Family Systems Therapy

A

Bowen; Central concepts:
Family Emotional System (oneness of emotions within family, definite patterns of reactivity)
Multigenerational transmission process of pathology
Originated genograms
Assesses degree to which families are fused
and emotional triangles

122
Q

Goal of tx in Family Systems Therapy

A

Personal differentiation from family of origin
Therapist works to shift the “hot triangle” & works w/most psych available family member to achieve enough differentiation to avoid triangle happening again

123
Q

Solution Focused Therapy

A

Steve de Shazer; brief 3 to 4 sessions
Clients encouraged to focus on strengths, id solutions
Built on assumption that expectations are powerful

124
Q

Techniques assoc w/solution focused therapy

A

Miracle question-if this prob was miraculously solved, how would you know? What would be different?
Exception question- Think about a time you didn’t have this problem, what was different in your life?
Scaling question- rate problem on scale from 0 to 10, helps reduce all or nothing thinking

125
Q

Narrative Therapy

A

Michael White
Pathology thought to be result of ppl developing stories that “problem saturated descriptions” filled w/powerlessness
Client asked to re-write story as struggle for control w/sx
Ex- encopretic boy writes story about “sneaky poo” writes about time didn’t give into sneaky poo. when there is success, might ask “what does this tell you about yourself?”

126
Q

Behavioral Family Therapy

A

Believes pathology result of families reinforcing neg bx through attention
Interventions: changing contingencies of social reinf & improving communication

127
Q

Cog Bx Family Therapy

A

Therapist assesses cog appraisals family members make of each other, promotes positive relationship related cognitions

128
Q

Marital Bx Therapy

A 
Involves:
Behavioral analysis of couple
Positive reciprocity established
Communication is taught
Problem solving skills improved
129
Q

Richard Stuart Marital Therapy

A

Incorp operant learning & social exchange theory
proposes bx maintained in rel by ratio of costs to benefits, where daily bx exchanges contr to satisfaction or dissatisfaction
Strategy of caring days: each day spouse performs a bx requested by spouse

130
Q

Yalom’s 12 therapeutic benefits of group treatment

A 
Insight
Instillation of hope
Universality
Imparting Info
Altruism
Corrective recapitulation of primary family group
Dev of socializing techniques
Imitative bx
Interpersonal learning
Group cohesiveness
Catharsis
Existential factor
131
Q

_____ is the most critical component of group therapy success

A

Cohesiveness- greater acceptance & understanding, permit more conflict

132
Q

3 stages of group tx, acc to Yalom

A

Initial Stage- participation hesitant, restricted, superficial interactions, members give & seek advice, mostly talk to therapists not each other
Second Stage- conflict among group members, rebellion toward leaders, attempts at dominance
Third Stage-only if 2nd successfully negotiated, closeness, intimacy, cohesion

133
Q

Ideal group composition includes members who are ___ in term of ___ and ___ in terms of ego strength

A

Heterogeneous; conflict; homogeneous

134
Q

Homeostatic equilibrium

A

Basis of crisis theory, proposes that at equil, usual coping skills are sufficient. During crisis, person faced w/obstacle insurmountable by customary problem solving

135
Q

4 Phases of Crisis Situation (Caplan)

A
  1. Beginning, emotional tension, disorganization, efforts to cope w/previously learned mechanisms
  2. Existing coping doesn’t work, further disorganization
  3. Increased tension, help seeking, change of direction/goals
  4. If these efforts don’t work, extensive pers disorganization & emotional breakdown may occur
136
Q

Steps of crisis tx

A

Estab rapport
Review steps leading to crisis
Help ct gain understanding of maladaptive reactions
Help ct develop more adaptive ways of coping
*Goal is restoration to pre-crisis level of fxing, different from therapy where goal is growth

137
Q

Community Mental Health Centers Act (1963)

A

Root of community psych movement, estab comm mental health centers to provide continuum of services for early intervention

138
Q

Goal of Community Psych

A

focuses on prevention, extends services beyond agencies & clinics to more natural settings (churches, schools, etc), allows for training of non professionals

139
Q

4 Categories of Consultation (Caplan)

  • Client centered-focused on a client
  • Consultee Centered-focused on group of clients
A

Client centered case consultation-individual case
Consultee Centered case consultation-focused on helping therapist problem solve difficulties working w/clients
Consultee Centered Administrative consult-focused on targeting consultee’s issues that are impeding program change
Program centered admin consult-focus on development, expansion, or modification of a program

140
Q

3 Levels of prevention in Community Psych

A

Primary-prevent occurrence of new cases of a disease or disorder, often focused on education & competence training Ex- Purple ribbon program, vaccinations

Secondary- Early id & prompt tx of an illness or d/o that already exists Ex- academic screening throughout schooling; psychological first aid after a tragedy

Tertiary- focused on reducing negative impact of an established, serious issue; ex- day treatment centers for schiz, 12 step programs

141
Q

Expressive vs. Instrumental Spousal abuse

A

Expressive- less deliberate, result of emotional reactivity
Instrumental- More deliberate means of control
*left untreatment, expressive likely to become instrumental

142
Q

Impact of divorce acc to age of child

A

3 to 6 yr old- feel responsible
7 to 12- decreased school perf
Adol-feel could have prevented divorce, but hurt & critical of parents
Recovery tends to take 3 to 5 years

143
Q

Meta analysis of divorce outcomes

A

Adult children of divorced parents:

higher depression, marital probs, lower SES & health

144
Q

Earliest meta analysis

A

Eysenck (1952)- found that ppl treated related to neuroticism did worse over 2 year period, highly criticized methods

145
Q

Spontaneous improvement rate in psychotherapy

A

around 40%

146
Q

Avg effect size of treatment

A

.85, so treated person better off that 80% of untreated sample

147
Q

Client variable impacting tx response

A

Outcome research indicates that charac of pt account for most variability in effectiveness
Pt’s ability to relate & learn new skills primary factor

148
Q

3 therapist factors accounting for 35% of treatment outcome variance

A

Attractiveness
Trustworthiness
Expertness

149
Q

Methods for monitoring tx implementation, utilization, & quality

A

Total Quality Management
Quality Assurance
Utilization Review
Risk Management

150
Q

5 premises of Total Quality Management

A
  1. Customer Focus
  2. Total involvement (all team members aware of what other members are doing)
  3. Measurement
  4. Systematic Support - innovative problem solving
  5. Continuous Improvement
151
Q

Outcome research: what factors are most important for lack of improvement in psychotherapy?

A

Client factors (dx, motivation, severity)

152
Q

Theme interference problems

A

Problems of the supervisee/consultee that impact pt progress; could be targeted with consultee-centered case consultation

153
Q

Thomas Szasz,

A

whose somewhat controversial book, “The Myth of Mental Illness,” argues that psychiatric diagnoses are labels devoid of significance.

154
Q

Avg effect size for psychotherapy outcome research

A

.85 (treated ppl do about .85 of a standard deviation better than untreated)

155
Q

Jungian view of transference

A

projection of the personal and collective unconscious.

156
Q

M Seligman’s theory of learned optimism

A

attributions of optimistic ppl are opposite of depressed ppl
external, unstable, specific attributions for neg life events

157
Q

Basic requirements of token economy

A

Target bxs
Choice of reinforcer
Rate of exchange

EPPP (18 decks)

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