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Fundamentals > Chapter 30 Integumentary and Peripheral Vascular Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 30 Integumentary and Peripheral Vascular Systems Flashcards

0
Q

What type of tool/scale do you use to assess risk of pressure ulcers?

A

Braden scale

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1
Q

Should assessing the integumentary and peripheral systems been done together?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Examples of questions to ask when reviewing two systems are:

A

Have you notice changes in skin color?
Do you have a rash?
Is skin excessively dry or oily?
Moles or lesions?

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3
Q

The description of pallor and indication are:

A

Loss of color (face, conjunctive, nail beds, palms)

Anemia or lack of blood flow

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4
Q

The description of cyanosis and indication are:

A

Bluish (nail beds, lips, mouth skin)

Hypoxia or impaired venous return.

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5
Q

The description of jaundice and indication are:

A

Yellow to orange (skin, sclera, mucous membrane)

Liverdysfunction, red blood cell destruction.

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6
Q

The description of erythema and indication are:

A

Redness (face trauma, and pressure sore areas)

Inflammation, localized vasodilation

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7
Q

What does brown pigmentation changes indicate?

A

Venous insufficiency.

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8
Q

What does shiny and translucent skin without hair on toes and foot indicate?

A

Arterial insufficiency.

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9
Q

When palpating the peripheral pulses, what two things should you be looking?

A

Strength (amplitude) and equality (symmetry)

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10
Q

Strength amplitude should be _________ from beat to beat.

A

Same

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11
Q

Grade strength for peripheral pulse is:

A 
0 absent, unable to palpate
1+ diminished, weaker than expected 
2+ brisk, expected 
3+ increased
4+ full volume, bounding
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12
Q

Palpate pulse sites bilaterally to make comparisons with the exception of what area?

A

Carotid arteries

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13
Q

Name locations of seven pulses:

A 
Carotid 
Radial 
Brachial
Femoral
Popliteal (behind knee)
Dorsalis pedis
Posterior tibial (behind and below the medial malleolus of the ankles)
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14
Q

What should you inspect the peripheral veins for?

A

Varicosities, redness, swelling.

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15
Q

What is edema?

A

Fluid in tissues causing swollen, tight and shiny skin surface.

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16
Q

How should Edema be assessed?

A

Discoloration
Location
Tenderness

Measure extremities circumference of swollen body area and compare both sides.

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17
Q

Lesions should be examined for what?

A 
Size
Color
Shape
Consistency
Elevation 
Location 
Distribution 
Configuration 
Tenderness
Fluid and drainage.
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18
Q

Primary lesions arise from what type of skin tissue?

A

Healthy skin tissue.

19
Q

What is a macule lesion?

A

Nonpalpable, skin color change, smaller than 1 cm

Ex. Freckles

20
Q

What is a papule lesion?

A

Palpable, circumscribed, smaller than 1 cm

Ex. Elevated nevus

21
Q

What is a nodule/tumor?

A

Palpable, circumscribed, deep, firm, 1 to 2.

Ex. Wart

22
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Serous fluid-filled, smaller than 1 cm

Ex. Blister, herpes simplex, varicella

23
Q

What is a pustule?

A

Pus-filled

Ex. Acne

24
Q

What is a tumor?

A

Solid mass, deep, larger than 1 to 2 cm.

Ex. Epithelioma

25
Q

What is a wheal?

A

Palpable, irregular borders, edematous

Ex. Insect bite

26
Q

What does secondary lesions result from?

A

A change in a primary lesion.

27
Q

Name the five secondary lesions.

A 
Erosion 
Crust
Scale
Fissure
Ulcer
28
Q

Name the seven primary lesions.

A 
Macule 
Papule
Nodule 
Vesicle 
Pustule 
Tumor
Wheal
29
Q

What is an erosion?

A

Lost epidermis, moist surface, no bleeding

Ex. Raptured vesicle

30
Q

What is crust?

A

Dried blood, serum or pus

Ex. Scab

31
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Linear crack

Ex. Tinea pedis

32
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis with possible bleeding, scarring.

Ex. Venous stasis ulcer, pressure ulcer.

33
Q

Examples of skin lesions for children are:

A

Diaper dermatitis
Intertrigo
Impetigo
Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

34
Q

Examples of skin lesions for adults are:

A

Primary contact dermatitis
Tinea pedis (ringworm of the foot)
Psoriasis
Labial herpes simplex

35
Q

Examples of skin lesions for older adults are:

A

Lentigines (liver spots)
Seborrheic keratosis
Arochordons (skin tags)
Sebaceous hyperplasia

36
Q

What do vascular lesions result from?

A

Aging changes or blood-vessel damage in or near the skin.

37
Q

What are the six vascular lesions?

A 
Spider angioma
Cherry angioma
Spider vein
Petechia/purpura
Ecchymosis
Hematoma
38
Q

What is spider angioma?

A

Red center with radiating red legs, up to 2 cm. possibly raised.

39
Q

What is cherry angioma?

A

Red 1 to 3 cm, round, possibly raised

40
Q

What is a spider vein?

A

Bluish, spider-shaped or linear up to several inches in size.

41
Q

What is petechia/purpura?

A

Deep reddish purple, flat, petechiae 1 to 3 mm, purpura larger than 3 mm

42
Q

What is ecchymosis?

A

Purple fading to green or yellow over time, variable in size, flat

43
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

Raised ecchymosis

44
Q

What are expected changes in the peripheral vascular system with age?

A

Thicker more rigid peripheral blood vessel walls with a narrowed lumen leading to poor peripheral circulation

Higher systolic blood pressure.

Fundamentals (15 decks)

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