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Psychology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

multiple ways to interact with eachother.

overall reliable, but could vary based on illness or disease

A

Franz Gall’s Phrenology

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2
Q

assumed brain size=intelligence=skull size

inadequate operational definitions

A

scientific approach

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3
Q

cells that specialize in transfer of info in the nervous system.

A

neurons

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4
Q

carry messages from sense organs to brain or spinal chord

A

sensory neurons

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5
Q

carry messages from bran to muscles and glands

A

motor neurons

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6
Q

carry messages from one neuron to another

A

interneurons

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7
Q

life support system

A

cell body

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8
Q

receives messages (detect)

A

dentrites

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9
Q

sends messages (announces)

A

axon

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10
Q

electrical signal travels down the axon

A

action potential (neural impulse)

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11
Q

not engaged in action potential

A

resting potential

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12
Q

more negative in, more positive out

A

polarization

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13
Q

level an impulse must exceed fire neuron

A

threshold

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14
Q

positive rush in

A

depolarization

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15
Q

a pause to recharge

A

refractory period

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16
Q

space between axon tip and receiving neuron

A

synapse

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17
Q

chemical messengers inside vesicles

A

neurotransmitters

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18
Q

mood regulation, sleep, temperature

A

serotonin

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19
Q

movement, learning, attention

A

dopamine

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20
Q

arousal, memory, motivation, and muscle contraction

A

acetylcholine

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21
Q

natural pain killers

A

endorphins

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22
Q

wakefulness and arousal

A

nonrepinephrine

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23
Q

What does caffeine do?

A

increases excitement of neurotransmitters.

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24
Q

What mimics (excites) neurotransmitters?

A

agonists

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25
Q

What blocks (inhibits) neurotransmitters?

A

antagonist

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26
Q

body’s fast electrochemical communication system

A

nervous system

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27
Q

brain and spinal chord

A

central nervous system

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28
Q

everything else

A

peripheral nervous system

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29
Q

controls skeletal muscles (voluntary)

A

somatic nervous system

30
Q

controls glands and internal organ muscles (involuntary)

A

Autonomic nervous system

31
Q

In charge of “flight or fight”

A

sympathetic nervous system

32
Q

in charge of “rest and digest”

A

parasympathetic nervous system

33
Q

body’s slow chemical communication system

A

endocrine system

34
Q

secretes hormones into the blood stream

A

glands

35
Q

core of hormonal system

A

hypothalamus

36
Q

master gland that takes orders from hypothalamas

A

pituitary gland

37
Q

releases hormones

A

anterior pituitary

38
Q

regulates salt and water

A

posterior pituitary

39
Q

regulate metabolic and calcium rates

A

thyroid and parathyroid

40
Q

medulla and cortex

A

adrenal gland

41
Q

regulates blood sugar

A

pancreas

42
Q

secretes sex hormones

A

gonads

43
Q

connects to brain, surrounded by vertebrae, important for reflexive actions

A

spinal chord

44
Q

most protected organ with no pain receptors

A

brain

45
Q

oldest part of the central nervous system connected to the spinal chord and responsible for automatic survival functions

A

brainstem

46
Q

controls breathing

A

medulla

47
Q

coordinate movement (bridge)

A

pons

48
Q

consciousness and arousal (netlike)

A

reticular formation

49
Q

sensory switch board.

A

thalamus

50
Q

“little brain” coordinates balance, memory and nonverbal learning

A

cerebellum

51
Q

influences emotions and motivations and sits between the brainstem and the hempispheres

A

limbic system

52
Q

aggression, rage, and fear “almond shaped”

A

amygdala

53
Q

involved in memory processes

A

hippocampus

54
Q

directs maintenance activities and survival behavior

A

hypothalamus

55
Q

survival behaviors

A

feeding
fighting
fleeing
mating

56
Q

largest structure of the brain consisting of hemispheres

A

cerebrum

57
Q

intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells

A

cerebral cortex

58
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain separated by?

A

fissures

59
Q

sensory information gathering (lobe)

A

parietal

60
Q

thinking, planning, non motor memory (lobe)

A

frontal

61
Q

visual (lobe)

A

occipital

62
Q

hearing (lobe)

A

temporal

63
Q

Controls voluntary movements

A

motor cortex

64
Q

receives information from skin and sensory organs

A

sensory cortex

65
Q

learning, speaking, remembering.

A

association cortex

66
Q

right side of body
speech
language
writing

A

left hemisphere

67
Q

left side of body
facial recognition
spatial construction
nonverbal imagery

A

right hemisphere

68
Q

monitors electrical activity

A

electroencephalogram (EEG)

69
Q

given radioactive glucose and detects where and how much glucose the brain is using

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

70
Q

uses magnets to provide structural view of brain

A

Magnetic reasoning imaging (MRI)

71
Q

shows what areas “light up” based on activity

A

functioning magnetic reasoning imaging (fMRI)

Psychology (2 decks)

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