Traumatic Disorders of the MS System

Question 1

Bone rxn to injury

Answer 1

Local death - avascular necrosis
Alteration of bone deposition (Increased or decreased)
Alteration of bone resorption (Increased or decreased)
Mechanical Failure - fracture

Question 2

Articular Cartilage rxn to injury

Answer 2

Destruction;Degeneration; Peripheral proliferation (Laying down cartilage where its not meant to be)

Question 3

Synovial Membrane rxn to injury

Answer 3

Effusion - excessive fluid production
Thickening - Hypertrophy
Adhesions - Between lining and articular cartilage

Question 4

Joint Capsule and Ligaments rxn to injury

Answer 4

Excessively stretched and elongated

Tight and shortened (Joint contracture)

Question 5

Inflammation

Answer 5

Tissue response to irritation, damage, injury

The local reaction of living tissues to an irritant

Question 6

4 Clinical signs of Inflammation

Answer 6

Rubor - Redness
Tumor - Swelling
Calor - Heat
Dolor - Pain

Question 7

Contusion

Answer 7

Ecchymosis

Bleeding within a muscle or joint due to a direct blow

Question 8

Effects of contusion

Answer 8

Increased fluid in the area, pain, limited function

Chance of developing myositis ossificans

Question 9

myositis ossificans

Answer 9

Bony growth develops within muscle after contusion

Second Femur

Question 10

Ligamentous Sprain

Answer 10

Tension overload of a ligament that causes partial or complete tear

Question 11

Avulsion

Answer 11

Break off a fragment of bony attachment

Question 12

Effects of Ligamentous Sprain

Answer 12

Local swelling, tenderness, pain with stretch

Question 13

Muscle Strain

Answer 13

Chronic overstretching of muscle or tendon;most common location is at musculotendinous junction

Question 14

Charley Horse

Answer 14

Muscle damage due to increased tension applied to an already contracted muscle, can lead to rupture

Question 15

1st Degree Sprain

Answer 15

Loss of few fibers without loss of ligamentous integrity

Question 16

2nd Degree Sprain

Answer 16

Greater disruption of fibers with some loss of joint stability

Question 17

3rd Degree Sprain

Answer 17

Complete loss of structural or biomechanical integrity

Question 18

Subluxation

Answer 18

Disruption of joint with partial loss of continuity between articular surfaces

Question 19

Diastasis

Answer 19

Separation of bones connected by fibrous tissue

Question 20

Dislocation

Answer 20

Disruption of a joint with complete loss of continuity between articular surfaces

Question 21

Reduction of subluxation/dislocation

Answer 21

Can occur spontaneously

If not, manipulation or surgery

Question 22

Closed manipulation reduction

Answer 22

Non-surgical reduction

Question 23

Open Reduction

Answer 23

Surgical reduction of subluxation/dislocation

Question 24

Fracture

Answer 24

Any defect in the continuity of a bone

Damage to surrounding tissues

Question 25

Fracture - General Classification

Answer 25

Sudden Impact Fx
Stress Fx
Pathological Fx
Open or closed

Question 26

Fractures Clinical Manifestations

Answer 26

Pain & Tenderness
Increased pain on weight bearing
Edema
Ecchymosis
Loss of general function
Loss of mobility

Question 27

Diagnosis of Fx

Answer 27

Visual Inspection
X-Ray
Radionucleotide bone scanning for stress fracture

Question 28

Phases of Fx healing

Answer 28

1. Hematoma formation
2. Cellular proliferation
3. Callus formation
4. Ossification
5. Consolidation and remodeling

Question 29

Callus

Answer 29

Fusiform mass around the fracture. Ossification occurs at the periphery and moves centrally

Question 30

Factors affecting Fx healing

Answer 30

Age
Site and configuration of fx
Initial displacement
Blood supply to Fx
Medical Conditions

Question 31

Fx healing in children

Answer 31

4-6 weeks

Question 32

Fx healing in Adolescents

Answer 32

6-8 weeks

Question 33

Fx healing in Adults

Answer 33

8-10 weeks

Question 34

Failure of fx fixation

Answer 34

Callus; Loss of motion; and Pain are signs of failure

Question 35

Management of Fx

Answer 35

Traction - Application of distractive force during healing
External Fixation
Electrical Stimulation

Question 36

Management of Fx depends on

Answer 36

Location of fx
Type of fx
Need for reduction
Instability after reduction
Functional requirements of individual

Question 37

Diaphysis

Answer 37

Shaft of long bone

Question 38

Metaphysis

Answer 38

Portion of developing long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

Question 39

Epiphysis

Answer 39

The end of a long bone

Question 40

Open Fx

Answer 40

Through the skin

Question 41

Closed Fx

Answer 41

Within the skin

Question 42

Simple Fx

Answer 42

No loss of structure or integrity

Question 43

Comminuted Fx

Answer 43

Many pieces

Question 44

Extra-Articular Fx

Answer 44

Do not involve a joint space

Question 45

Intra-Articular Fx

Answer 45

Involves a joint space

Question 46

Transverse Fx

Answer 46

Across the bone

Question 47

Oblique Fx

Answer 47

At an angle

Question 48

Spiral Fx

Answer 48

S orientation

Question 49

Longitudinal Fx

Answer 49

Proximal/Distal Fx

Question 50

Compression

Answer 50

Muscle force draws the distal fragment into the proximal fragment

Question 51

Butterfly

Answer 51

Loose fragment that does not involve the complete cortex

Question 52

Stellate Fx

Answer 52

Fracture with numerous fissures radiating from the point of injury

Question 53

Avulsion Fx

Answer 53

Separation of a bone fragment from its cortex at an attachment of ligament or tendon

Question 54

Greenstick Fx

Answer 54

Bones are in continuity

Question 55

Stress Fx

Answer 55

Caused by overload or altered stress distributions repeated

Question 56

Malunion

Answer 56

Fx does not heal well

Question 57

Delayed Union

Answer 57

Healing takes a long time

Question 58

Nonunion

Answer 58

Healing doesnt happen