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Lower Limb > Knee Joint > Flashcards

Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two joints in the knee joint capsule?

A

the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint

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2
Q

What movements occur at the knee joint?

A

flexion, extension and rotation

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3
Q

What is the close packed position of the knee joint?

A

extension

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4
Q

What position must the knee joint be in for rotation to occur?

A

flexion

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5
Q

Which femoral condyle is longer and which is wider?

A

medial is longer, lateral is wider

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6
Q

What is contained in the notch in the lateral side of the intercondylar area of the femur?

A

the ACL

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7
Q

Is flexion and extension active or passive?

A

extension is passive, flexion is active

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8
Q

In which direction does the femur rotate on the fixed tibia in flexion?

A

laterally

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9
Q

Which ligament acts like an axis of rotation in extension and gets gradually tighter?

A

ACL

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10
Q

Which muscle unlocks the knee?

A

popliteus

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11
Q

What is the origin and insertion of popliteus?

A

originates on the popliteal surface of the tibia and inserts on the lateral condyle of the femur

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12
Q

In which direction does the femur rotate on the fixed tibia in extension?

A

medially

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13
Q

Does the synovial membrane cover the menisci?

A

no

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14
Q

Does the synovial membrane cover the cruciate ligaments?

A

partially

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15
Q

What reinforces the capsule anteriorly?

A

patellar tendon an retinacular fibres

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16
Q

What reinforces the capsule laterally?

A

popliteus, biceps femoris, iliotibial tract

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17
Q

What reinforces the capsule medially?

A

pes anserinus tendons

18
Q

What reinforces the capsule posteriorly?

A

tendon of semimembranosus (which gives off the oblique popliteal ligament)

19
Q

In the pes anserinus which two tendons have a bursa between them?

A

gracilis and semitendinosus

20
Q

Does the suprapatellar bursa communicate with the joint?

A

yes

21
Q

Does the bursa deep to popliteus communicate with the joint?

A

yes

22
Q

Which non communicating bursae are located anterior to the knee?

A

pre patellar, superficial infrapatellar, deep infrapatellar

23
Q

What are the attachments of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

anterior part of the tibia to the lateral condyle of the femur

24
Q

What are the attachments of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

posterior part of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur

25
Q

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

stops the tibia from being displaced anteriorly

26
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

stops the tibia from being displaced posteriorly

27
Q

When do patients with a posterior cruciate ligament injury feel instability?

A

while going down stairs

28
Q

When is the ACL injured?

A

when femur is forced into lateral rotation on a weight bearing knee

29
Q

When is the PCL injured?

A

fall on a flexed knee or a bumper bar impact pushing the femur posteriorly

30
Q

What tests assess the ACL and PCL?

A

the anterior and posterior draw test

31
Q

What are the two parts of the medial collateral ligament?

A

the long flat superficial part and the deep part which blends with the capsule and attaches to the medial meniscus

32
Q

What is the role of the medial collateral ligament?

A

resist lateral movement of the tibia and resist anterior movement of the tibia if the ACL is damaged

33
Q

What seperates the lateral collateral ligament from the lateral meniscus?

A

popliteus

34
Q

What are the functions of the menisci?

A

shock absorption and weight distribution

35
Q

Which menisci is more likely to be injured?

A

medial

36
Q

Why does a meniscal tear sometimes cause a locked knee?

A

part of the torn off menisci may get stuck in the joint

37
Q

Which mensici is bigger?

A

medial

38
Q

Are the meinsci avascular or vascular?

A

vascular laterally and avascular medially

39
Q

What 3 things maintain the normal alignment of the patellofemoral joint?

A

vastus medialis, medial patellar retinaculum, raised lip on lateral femoral condyle

40
Q

What is chondromalacia patellae?

A

a patellar tracking problem which leads to degeneration of cartilage

41
Q

Why are women more susceptible to patellar tracking problems?

A

because of the greater angle between the quadriceps tendon and the patellar tendon

Lower Limb (9 decks)

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