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Radiology I > Processing Radiographic Film > Flashcards

Processing Radiographic Film Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for data in unprocessed film?

A

The latent image

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2
Q

What is the site where electrons are trapped thereby producing the latent image and what are these made of?

A

Sensitivity sites, made of silver bromide crystals and sulfur

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3
Q

What types of interactions cause the removal of an electron from the bromide in the emulsion?

A

Compton and photoelectric

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4
Q

The bromide is converted into what upon losing an electron?

A

Bromine

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5
Q

Once an electron is removed from bromide it moves to the?

A

Sensitivity site

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6
Q

With the electron embedded in the sensitivity site it is now negatively charged, what binds to it?

A

Silver ions which are positive

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7
Q

With the silver ions in the sensitivity site, this creates an area of dark or light after processing?

A

Dark or radiolucencies

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8
Q

How does developer work?

A

Converts latent image sites to grain of solid silver by reducing the silver ions to silver grains, therefore DOES NOT WORK ON UNEXPOSED SITES

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9
Q

What is the purpose of fixer?

A

Removes unexposed silver bromide creating clear areas or radiopacities

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10
Q

What are the 5 steps of film processing?

A
  1. Immersed in developer
  2. Rinsed in water bath
  3. Immersed in fixer
  4. Washed in water bath
  5. Dried
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11
Q

Which step is skipped in automated processing?

A

Rinsing in a water bath following developer

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12
Q

What are the 4 components of developing solution?

A
  1. Activator
  2. Preservative
  3. Restrainer
  4. Developer
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13
Q

What are the two components of developer?

A

Phenidone and hydroquinone

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14
Q

What is the purpose of activator?

A

Raises the pH of developer to about 10 since its only active at an alkaline pH

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15
Q

What is the purpose of preservative?

A

Prevent oxidation of the developer and extend its useful life

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16
Q

What is the preservative made of?

A

Sodium sulfite

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17
Q

What is restrainer made of?

A

Potassium bromide and benzotriazole

18
Q

What is restrainer used for?

A

Prevent development of unexposed silver bromide crystals, prevents fogging

19
Q

Why do we rinse the film with water after using developer?

A

Drops pH and stops developer activity and prevents deactivation of the fixer which is acidic

20
Q

What can happen to the film if fixer is not used?

A

The film is dark and non-diagnostic

21
Q

What are the 4 components of fixer?

A

Clearing agent
Acidifier
Preservative
Hardener

22
Q

The clearing agent contains what? What is its purpose?

A

Ammonium thiosulfate

Clears unexposed silver halide

23
Q

Acidifier is made of what acid? What are its purposes?

A

Acetic acid

Maintains a constant acidic pH and inactivates any remaining developing solution

24
Q

What is the hardening agent made of and what is its purpose?

A

Aluminum sulfate which combines with gelatin to make the emulsion less prone to damage from handling

25
Q

If thiosulfate and silver thiosulfate are left in the emulsion, what will be seen on the radiographs?

A

Brown stains

26
Q

How long can a film be exposed to a safelight?

A

5 minutes

27
Q

A safe light can be how many watts and how far from the film?

A

15 watts and a minimum of 4 feet from the film

28
Q

The type of filter used in a safelight is?

A

Red GBX-2

29
Q

What are the 3 components of a processing tank from left to right?

A

Developer, water bath, fixer

30
Q

When film is placed on the drying rack, a fan should be pointed?

A

Nearby but not directly at the film to hasten drying

31
Q

In the developing and rinsing step of manual processing we?

A
  1. Put the film into developing solution and alginate to dislodge air bubbles
  2. Remove the film shortly after its finished
  3. Rinse or alginate the film for 30 seconds
32
Q

What is the next step after developing and rinsing?

A

Fix and wash, alginate the film for 5 seconds every 30 seconds

33
Q

How long are films fixed and then rinsed for?

A

Fixed for twice the developing time and rinsed for three times the developing time

34
Q

If you develop at higher temperatures does it take more or less time?

A

Less time

35
Q

What is the drawback to developing at higher than normal temperatures?

A

Increasingly grainy images

36
Q

How long does automated processing take?

A

4.5 to 8 minutes

37
Q

What is a daylight loader?

A

Miniature darkroom that allows films to be unwrapped under safelight conditions

38
Q

What does the roller transport do?

A

Carries unwrapped film from one section of the automated processor to the next

39
Q

The squeegee action of the roller may?

A

Increase the energy of the developer, boosting film speed from E to F speed

40
Q

Since the roller transport effectively speeds up film, what does this mean in terms of exposure?

A

We can lower it and get the same film quality

41
Q

What are downsides to automated processors?

A

Grainy images due to higher temperatures
Roller marks
Mechanical breakdowns
Meticulous care of processors

Radiology I (9 decks)

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