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Pediatrics > Health Supervision > Flashcards

Health Supervision Flashcards

1
Q

Failure to thrive definition

A

growth rate of less than expected fora child

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2
Q

Failure to thrive affected first

A

weight affected before length. Head circumference initially spared.

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3
Q

Regain birthweight by

A

2 weeks

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4
Q

Double birthweight by

A

4-6 months

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5
Q

Triple birthweight by

A

12 months

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6
Q

Birth length increases by 50% at

A

12 months

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7
Q

Birth length doubles by age

A

4 years

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8
Q

Birht length triples by age

A

13 years

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9
Q

Most common cause failure to thrive =

A

inorganic or disturbed parent child bond

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10
Q

By 1 year of life head circumference

A

increases to 75% of adult

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11
Q

what is cephalohematoma and problem of it?

A

subperiostal hemorrhage of newborn cranium after trauma delivery. Messes up head measurements

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12
Q

By 1 year of life centimeters increase in head circumference

A

12 cm since birth

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13
Q

congenital vs acquired microcephaly

A

congenital is from abnormal creation/movement of brain tissue
acquired = cerebral insult in third trim, pregnancy, 1st year

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14
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

premature closure of one of the cranial sutures

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15
Q

Two syndromes with craniosynostosis

A

Crouzon and apert syndromes

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16
Q

Cranial sutures open until

A

Open till 2 years when 90% is completed
Close at age 5

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17
Q

Most common surture to close early in craniosynostosis

A

sagittal suture causing dolichocephaly or scaphocephaly

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18
Q

TORCH bugs

A

toxoplasmosis, syphallus (other), rubella, CMV, HSV

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19
Q

Premature coronal suture closure causes

A

brachycephaly or shortened skull

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20
Q

What is plagiocephaly

A

asymmetry of infant head not associated with premature closing of suture

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21
Q

Positional plagiocephaly is what? Associated with what?

A

flattening of occiput, prominence of ipsilateral frontal area
associated with congenital muscular torticollis

22
Q

sotos syndrome

A

overgrowth syndrome where all growth parameters are enlarged

23
Q

Live vaccines

A

oral polio, varicella, MMR,

24
Q

Advantage of live attenuated over inactivated

A

It gets excreted in stool and can then immunize more people

25
Q

Mumps associated most with

A

parotitis but can also do meningoencephalitis and orchitis

26
Q

Pneumovax vs prevnar in terms of purpose

A

Pneumovax useless for under 2. More for asplenic people and elderly.
Prevnar is for kids under 7

27
Q

Difference in pneumovax and prevnar in terms of coverage

A

Pneumovax covers 23 pneumo subtypes
Prevnar covers only 7

28
Q

Contraindication to DTaP

A

encephalopathy or other neuro problems

29
Q

Pregnant patients don’t get what vaccines?

A

Live vaccines

30
Q

If you got immunoglobluins don’t give vaccines because

A

Don’t give vaccine within 3-11 months because it might interfere with body making immune response

31
Q

How to screen newborn for hearing

A

Brainstem auditory evoked response - uses EEG
evoked otoacoustic emission - uses microphone in ear

32
Q

Most accurate hearing test?

A

Brainstem auditory evoked response

33
Q

What is phimosis and paraphimosis

A

Phimosis = can’t retract skin
paraphimosis - retracted skin gets stuck and is tourniquet

34
Q

What is balanitis and what is it associated with?

A

inflammation fo glans of penis. associated w candida or gram neg

35
Q

where does tooth eruption normally occur?

A

Usually lower central incisors

36
Q

How late is delayed dental eruption

A

primary eruption afte 16 months

37
Q

What are effects of flourosis and which teeth does it affect

A

mostly affects permanent teeth
cosmetic changes only. Most vulnerable 2-4 years

38
Q

where do teeth erupt that occur natal or neonatal

A

Mostly mandibular central incisors

39
Q

Most common bacteria in nursing or bottle caries

A

Streptococcus mutans. Kids get it from parent or sibling because it only colonizes once teeth erupt

40
Q

Nursing or bottle caries affect which teeth?

A

Mostly upper teeth bc lower teeth protected by tongue

41
Q

Best way to save a tooth that was removed by trauma

A

Keep tooth in liquid and replace soon!

42
Q

Rear facing seat until?

A

1 year and 20lbs

43
Q

Small head circumference at birth indicates

A

congenital. TORCH, exposure to drugs/toxins, chromo abnormalities,.

44
Q

spit sutures plus bulging fontanelle =

A

Increased ICP.

45
Q

When should cow milk be added and why?

A

Not introduced until 9 months otherwise can cause iron-deficiency anemia. Whole milk has less bioavailable iron and causes stool blood loss.

46
Q

Effects of lead intoxication and who is at risk

A

Usually asymptomatic. Children under 6 at risk

47
Q

phimosis normal until

A

6 years of age

48
Q

Lead intoxication common symptoms

A

neurocog impairment, lethargy, anemia, vomiting, irritability.

49
Q

Vit D supplement for?

A

Kids who are not exposed to much sunlight.

50
Q

Treatment of torticollis

A

range of motion stretching exercises, repositioning head in sleep, increased “tummy time”

Pediatrics (4 decks)

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