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Neurology > Pretest > Flashcards

Pretest Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerve palsy in sarcoid?

A

Cr VII

-same in Lyme disease

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2
Q

mcc of fungal meningitis

A

cryptococcus
(encapsulated fungus)

-acquired from lungs and spreads to CNS hematogenously

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3
Q

brain abscesses:

  • most common organism?
  • most common site?
  • most common mechanism of spreading?
A
  • Streptococcus
  • gray-white matter junction
  • hematogenous spread of infection

-Staph post-neurosurgery

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4
Q

most common organism of brain abscess in AIDs pt?

A

toxoplasma gondii

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5
Q

most common fungal brain abscess?

A

aspergillus

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6
Q

rabies invasion of CNS?

A
  • retrograde axoplasmic flow
  • from periphery extending centripetally along peripheral nerves

-only supportive tx available

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7
Q

source of CJD?

A

growth hormone treatment from cadaver pituitary gland

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8
Q

cysticercosis

A
  • taenia solium
  • pork tapeworm
  • hatch in GI –> spread to CNS –> multiple cysts in cerebrum

-feco-oral spread; S. America, SE Asia, Africa

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9
Q

von Hippel Lindau syndrome

A
  • autosomal dominant
  • multiple tumors & cysts in different organs (CNS, kidneys, eye)
  • hemangioblastoma* –> lethal if bleeds into brain
  • clear cell renal carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, pancreatic tumors/ cysts
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10
Q

brain metastases with highest mortality?

A

malignant melanoma

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11
Q

common maligancies in AIDS pts?

A
  • lymphoma (primary CNS tumor)

- Kaposi sarcoma (rarely mets to brain)

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12
Q

gelastic seizure

A

uncontrollable laughter

-seen in hypothalamic hamartomas

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13
Q

hyperCa –> dec membrane excitability –> what symptoms?

A
  • lethargy
  • weakness
  • areflexia
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14
Q

deficient enzymes of:

  • Tay Sachs
  • Gaucher
  • metachromatic leukodystrophy
  • Neimann-Pick
A
  • hexaosaminidase A (Tay-Sax lacks hex)
  • glucocerebrosidase
  • arylsulfatase A
  • sphingomyelinase (No man picks his nose with his sphinger)
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15
Q

`things that precipitate subacute combined degeneration?

A
  • giving folate before B12 (when both deficient)
  • atrophic gastritis –> intrinsic factor deficiency
  • nitrous oxide
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16
Q

visual defect with B12 deficiency?

A

centrocecal scotoma

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17
Q

chlordiazepoxide

A
  • benzodiazepine

- tx alcohol withdrawal, anxiety

18
Q

alcohol vs benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms

A
  • alcohol: within 72 hours

- benzodiazepines: 7-10 days post abstinence

19
Q

pellagra

A
  • B3 (nicotinic acid) deficiency

- dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

20
Q

kwashiorkor

A
  • protein-energy malnutrition

- symptoms: edema, irritability, anorexia, dematoses, enlarged liver

21
Q

Pickwickian syndrome = obesity hypoventilation syndrome

A

obesity + hypersomnia + hypoxemia + pulmonary HTN

22
Q

transcortical sensory aphasia

seen in what disease?

A

decreased ability to understand complex linguistic structures

-seen in Alzheimer’s; along with aphasia (dec fluency, dysnomia, etc)

23
Q

MPTP addiction causes what to brain?

A
  • damage to substantia nigra –> Parkinson-like symptoms which develops over a few months (vs years in regular Parkinson’s disease)
  • MPTP is similar to heroin
24
Q

chorea gravidarum

A
  • chorea in a pregnant woman
  • asymmetric, forceful movements
  • caused by dramatic change of hormonal environment of brain

-can happen with estrogen replacement, as well

25
Q

Sydenham’s chorea px

A
  • after Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection
  • chorea
  • dysarthria, behavior changes, gait disturbance, slowed cognition, hypotonia
  • kids, girls
  • no genetic or MRI abnormalities
26
Q

substantia nigra in Parkinson’s disease show what?

A

Lewy bodies

= intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies = eosinophilic inclusions

27
Q

flexion of neck causes electrical sensation to radiate down spine

A

Lhermitte’s sign

-seen in MS

28
Q

Canavan’s disease px

A
  • occurs in infants by 6 months
  • extensor posture
  • rigidity
  • myoclonic seizures
  • spongiform change to white matter
29
Q

abetalipoproteinemia px, cause

A
  • dec LDL, VLDL, chylomicrons
  • acanthocytes
  • ataxia
  • posterior column & spinocerebellar degeneration
  • retinitis pigmentosa

-MTP mutation –> impaired VLDL formation –> dec vit E delivery & dec fat absorption

30
Q

Sturge-Weber syndrome px

A
  • port wine stain*
  • glaucoma
  • seizures
  • mental retardation
  • abnormal blood vessels*
  • ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma
  • tram track calcifications*
31
Q

phenylketonuria

A
  • autosomal recessive
  • phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency –> lack of tyrosine & accumulation of phenyl-alanine & -ketones
  • some may restrict dietary phenylalanine intake
  • px: seizures, intellectual delay, musty body odor
32
Q

Hartnup’s disease

A
  • tryptophan malabsorption –> nicotinamide (vit B3) deficiency
  • autosomal recessive
  • ataxia
  • scaly erythematous rash
33
Q

telangiectasias in fundi on retinal exam - what disease?

A

von Hippel Lindau

-numerous tumors and cysts

34
Q

first trimester viral infection can lead to?

A

aqueductal stenosis –> hydrocephalus

35
Q

tuberous sclerosis

A
  • ash leaf spots
  • shagreen patches
  • adenoma sebaceum (malar distribution)
  • CNS calcifications (calcified subependymal glial nodules –> hydrocephalus)
  • renal tumors
  • cardiac rhabdomyomas
  • seizures
  • retinal phakomas (no tx needed)
  • autsomal dominant
36
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome px

A
  • intra- & post-uterine growth retardation
  • dysmorphic facies
  • CNS: brainstem/cerebellum malformation, learning disability, microcephaly, hetrotopia (cortical neurons in abnormal locations)
37
Q

dermatomyositis px

A
  • proximal muscle weakness
  • heliotrope rash
  • erythema over knuckles

-paraneoplastic syndrome

38
Q

DMD carrier will have elevations of what in serum?

A

creatinine phosphokinase (CPK)

39
Q

DMD can be seen in females with what genetic disorder?

A

Turner syndrome (XO)

40
Q

ALS

A
  • UMN & LMN symptoms –anterior horn cells, corticospinal tract, brainstem motor nuclei, etc
  • fibrillations
  • denervation atrophy of muscles

-bad prognosis: if cranial nerves affected –fasciculations of tongue (Cr XII)

41
Q

Parinaud syndrome

A
  • paralysis of upward gaze
  • -> downward gaze primary position

-pinealoma association

Neurology (10 decks)

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