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Lab > Lab #5 Articulations > Flashcards

Lab #5 Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

Joint

A

An articulation, where bone makes contact with another bone, cartilage, or teeth. These structures articulate with each other.

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2
Q

Mobility vs Stability

A

The more Mobility a joint has, the less stability it will have

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3
Q

Classification of Joints (2 types)

A

Function: based on degree of mobility between 2 bones Structure: based on they type of connective tissue involved binding the two bones

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4
Q

Function:

A

Based on the degree of mobility between 2 bones

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5
Q

Structure:

A

Based on the type of connective tissue involved binding the two bones

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6
Q

Joints based on function: (3 types, name them and describe what they do.)

A
  1. Synarthrosis: an immobile joint 2. Amphiarthrosis: a slightly mobile joint 3. Diarthrosis: a freely movable joint
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7
Q

Joints based on structure: (3 types, name them and describe what they do.)

A
  1. Fibrous- Bones held together by dense regular C.T. 2. Cartilaginous- Bones held together by cartilage 3. Synovial- Bones separated by fluid filled cavity which is enclosed by a capsule and stabilized by ligaments
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8
Q

3 Types of Fibrous Joints (jt based on structure)

A
  1. Gomphosis- teeth with mandible and maxilla 2. Suture- Between bones of skull 3. Syndesmosis- Bones joined by long strands of C.T. ie. Radius & Ulna
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9
Q

2 Types of Cartilaginous Joints (jt. based on structure)

A
  1. Synchondroses: immobile joints with bones by hyaline cartilage. (synarthrotic)
  2. Symphyses: Slight mobility with a pad of fibrocartilage between articulation bones (Amphiarthrotic)
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10
Q

What classifies a synovial joint?

A

Must have: 1. Articular capsule- double fibrous layer that surrounds the entire joint with inner synovial membrane 2. Joint cavity- physical space separating the two articulating bones 3. Synovial fluid- fluid inside joint cavity 4. Articular cartilages 5. ligaments, nerves, & blood vessles

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11
Q

Ligaments

A

connect bone to bone, and strengthen/ reinforce most synovial membranes.

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12
Q

Nerves

A

detect painful stimuli when the joint is stretched to an excess

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13
Q

Blood vessels

A

provide nourishment to the joint

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14
Q

Bursa

A

saclike structure found around the outside of most synovial membranes

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15
Q

Tendon sheath

A

elongated burse wrapping around a tendon particularly found in confined areas (wrist/ankle) where many tendons rub up against eachother

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16
Q

6 types of synovial joints from least movable to most movable.

A
  1. Plane joint 2. Hinge joint 3. Pivot joint 4. Condylar joint 5. Saddle joint 6. Ball-and-socket joint
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17
Q

4 types of movement at a synovial joint

A
  1. gliding (planar jt) 2. angular (hinge joint…anything that changes the angle.) 3. Rotational (movement about an axis) 4. Special movements (ie. opposition…by thumb)
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18
Q

Angular motion includes what four types of movement?

A

Flexion/ extension, abduction/ adduction, lateral flexion, and circumduction.

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19
Q

Rotational motion includes what types of movement?

A

Internal (Medial)/ External (Lateral), Inversion/ Eversion.

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20
Q

Special Movements include 5 types of movement. What are they?

A
  1. depression vs. elevation 2. dorsiflexion vs. plantar flexion 3. inversion vs. eversion 4. protraction vs. retraction 5. oppostion
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21
Q

Suture: What are the…

  1. Articulation components?
  2. Structural classifications?
  3. Functional classifications?
  4. Description of movement?
A
  1. Adjacent skull bones 2. Fibrous joint 3. synarthrosis 4. None allowed
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22
Q

Tempromandibular: What are the…

  1. Articulation components?
  2. Structural classifications?
  3. Functional classifications?
  4. Description of movement?
A
  1. Head of mandible and mandibular fossa of temporal bone 2. synovial (hinge, plane) joints 3. Diarthrosis 4. Depression, elevation. lateral displacement, protraction, retraction, slight rotation.
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23
Q

Alanto-occipital: What are the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Superior articular facets of atlas and occipital condyles of occipital bone. 2. Synovial (condylar) Joint 3. Diarthrosis 4. Extension and flexion of the head; slight lateral flexion of head from side to side.
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24
Q

Alantoaxial: What are the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Anterior arch of atlas and dens of axis 2. Synovial (pivot) joint 3. Diarthrosis 4. Head rotation
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25
Q

Intervertibral: what are the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. vertibral bodies of adjacent vertebra, superior and inferior articular process of adjacent vertibrae 2. Cartilaginous joint (symphysis) between bertebral bodies; synovial (plane) between articluar processes. 3. Amphiarthrosis: between vertibral bodies, Diarthrosis: between articular processes. 4. Extension, flexion, lateral flexion of vertebral column.
26
Q

Vertibrocostal: what are the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Facets of heads of ribs and bodies of the adjacent thoracic vertibrae and intervertibral discs between adjacent vertibrae Articular part of tubercles of ribs and facets of transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae 2.Synovial (plane) jt. 3. Diarthrosis 4. some slight gliding
27
Q

Lumbo sacral: what are the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Body of the 5th Lumbar vertevra and base of the sacrum 2. Cartilagionus joint (symphysis) between lumbar body and base of sacrum; synovial (plane) between articular facets 3. Amphiarthrosis: between the body and base; Diarthrosis between the articular facets 4. Flexion,extension, lateral flexion of the vertibral column.
28
Q

Sternocostal: what are the.. 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Sternum and first 7 pairs of ribs 2. Cartilaginous joint (synchondrosis) between the sternum and first ribs; Synovial (plane) between the sternum and ribs 2-7 3. Synarthrosis between the sternum and first ribs; Diarthrosis between the sternum and ribs 2-7 4. No movement between sternum and first ribs; some gliding between sternum and ribs 2-7
29
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Thick sturdy ligament that attaches vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs at their anterior surfaces.

30
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Attaches the posterior aspects of the vertebral bodies and discs. (Much thinner than anterior longitudinal ligament) * RUNS with in the vertebral canal

31
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

Interconnect the spinous processes of the adjacent vertebrae.

32
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

Interconnects the tips of the spinous process from C7 to the sacrum.

33
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae.

34
Q

Sternoclavicular: name the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Sternal end of the clavicle, manubrium of sternum and the first costal cartilage 2. synovial (Saddle) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Elevation, Depression, circumduction
35
Q

Acromioclavicular: name the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Acromial end of clavicle and acromion of scapula 2. synovial (plane) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Gliding of scapula on clavicle
36
Q

Glenohumeral: name the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Glenoid cavity of scapula and head of humerus. 2. Synovial (Ball-and-socket) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Abduction, adduction, circlbowumduction, extension, flexion, hyperextension, lateral rotaion, and medial rotation of arm.
37
Q

Elbow: name the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A

1.Humeroulnar joint: head of humerus and trochlear notch of unla, Humeroradial joint:Distal end of ulna and ulnar notch of radius 2. Synovial (hinge) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Extension and flexion of forearm

38
Q

Radioulnar: name the 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Proximal joint: head of radius and radial notch of ulna, Distal joint: Distal end of ulna and ulnar notch of radius 2. Synoival (pivot) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Rotation of the radius with respect to the ulna
39
Q

Radiocarpal: Name the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Distal end of the radius; lunate, scaphoid, and triquetrum 2. Synovial (condylar) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Abduction, adduction, circumduction, extension, and flexion of wrist.
40
Q

Intercarpal: Name the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A

1.Adjacent bones in proximal, mid, and distal row of carpal bones 2. Synovial (Plane) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Gliding

41
Q

Carpometacarpal: Name the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Thumb: trapezium (carpal) and first metacarpal. Other digits: Carpasl and Metacarpals II-V 2. Synovial (saddle)@thumb, and (plane) at other digits 3. Diarthrosis 4. Abduction, adduction, circumduction, extension, flexion, and opposition at the thumb; gliding at the other digits.
42
Q

Metacarpophalangeal (MP joints “knuckles”…Name the.. 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Heads of metacarpals and bases of proximal phalanges 2. Synovial (condylar) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Abduction, adduction, circumduction, extension and flexion of phalanges
43
Q

Interphalangeal (IP joints)

A
  1. Heads of proximal and middle phalanges with bases of middle and distal phalanges, respectively. 2. Synovial (hinge) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Extension and flexion of phalanges
44
Q

Glenohumeral joint ( attachments/bursa you need to know)

A
  1. Acromioclavicular ligament: 2. Subacromial bursa 3. Coracohumeral ligament 4. Subdeltoid bursa 5. Coricoacromial ligament 6. Subcoracoid bursa 7. Glenohumeral ligaments 8. Glenoid cavity
45
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Has a articular disc

46
Q

Elbow joint (4 tendon attachments)

A
  1. Articular capsule 2. Radial collateral ligament 3. Anular ligament (creates pivot for radius) 4. Ulnar collateral ligament
47
Q

Radiocarpal (wrist) joint –> 5

A
  1. Radiocarpal joint 2. Radial collateral ligament 3. IP joints –> Intercarpal joints 4. Distal Radioulnar joint 5. Articular disc 6. Ulnar collateral ligament
48
Q

Joints of the hand

A
  1. Intercarpal 2. Carpometacarpal - 1st carpometacarpal is a saddle joint 3. Metacarpophalangeal (MP) 4. Interphalangeal (IP) -PIP, Proximal Inter.. -DIP, Distal Inter..
49
Q

Sacroilliac: Name the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Auricular Surfaces of the Sacrum and Illia 2. Synovial (plane) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Slight Gliding; More movement during pregnancy & Child birth
50
Q

Hip (coxal): Name the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Head of Femur & Acetabulum of Os Coxae 2. Synovial (Ball-and-socket) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction, Extension, Flexion, Medial and Lateral Rotation of thigh.
51
Q

Pubic Symphysis: Name the.. 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Two Pubic bones 2. Cartilaginous (symphysis) 3. Amphiarthrosis 4. Very slight movements, more movement during childbirth.
52
Q

Knee: Name the.. 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Patellofemoral Joint: Patella & Patellar surface of femur. Tibofemoral Joint: Condyles of femur, and Condyles of Tibia. 2. Patellofemoral: Synovial Plane & Hinge, Tibeofemoral: Synovial Hinge 3. Diarthrotic 4. Extension, flexion, lateral rotation of leg in flexed position, medial rotation of leg in medial rotation.
53
Q

Tibiofibular: Name the.. 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Superior joint: Head of Fibula and lateral condyle of tibia. Inferior Joint: Distal end of fibula and fibular notch of tibia. 2. Superior joint: Synovial (Plane) Inferior joint: Fiberous (Syndesmosis) 3. Amphiarthrosis 4. Slight rotation of fibula during dorsi flexion of the foot.
54
Q

Talocrural: Name the… 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Distal end of tibia and medial malleolus with talus, lateral malleolus of fibula and talus. 2. synovial (hinge) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Dorsi-flexion and Plantar flexion.
55
Q

Intertarsal: Name the.. 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Between the tarsal bones 2. synovial (plane) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Eversion and Inversion of the foot.
56
Q

Tarsometatarsal: Name the.. 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Three cuniforms (tarsal bones), Cuboid, and five metatarsal bones. 2. Synovial (plane) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Slight gliding
57
Q

Metatarsophalangeal (MP Joints) Name the.. 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Heads of the metatarsals and bases of the proximal phalanges. 2. Synovial (condylar) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Abduction, Adduction, circumduction, extension, and flexion of proximal phalanges.
58
Q

Interphalangeal Joints (IP Joints) Name the.. 1. Articulation components? 2. Structural classifications? 3. Functional classifications? 4. Description of movement?

A
  1. Heads of proxmial and middle phalanges with bases of middle and distal phalanges, respectivley 2. Synovial (hinge) 3. Diarthrosis 4. Extension and flexion of phalanges.
59
Q

Name the Ligaments/ Make up of the knee joint. (6 parts)

A
  1. Patellar Ligament 2. Fibular (Lateral) Collateral Ligament 3. Tibial (medial) Collateral Ligament 4. Medial and lateral menisci 5. Anterior cruciate ligament (acl) 6. Posterior curciate ligament (pcl)
60
Q

What is the most commonly torn ligament in an ankle sprain?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

61
Q

What are the ligaments of the ankle? (6 ligaments)

A
  1. Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament 2. Anterior talofibular ligament* 3. Calcaneofibular ligament 4. Posterior talofibular ligament 5. Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament 6. Deltoid ligament (Medial side of ankle)

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