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Chemistry Chapter 2 > 2.8 Compounds: Formulas, Names, Masses > Flashcards

2.8 Compounds: Formulas, Names, Masses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rule for all ionic compounds when naming them?

A

Cation/ positive ion comes first then anion/ negative ion second

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2
Q

what is the rule for naming cations and anions of all binary ionic compounds?

A

The name of the metal is the name of the cation and the name of the anion has (suffix -ide) added to the end of the metal

ex: anion formed from bromine = bromide

full example: a compound formed by metal calcium and nonmetal bromine becomes calcium bromide

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3
Q

what is a formula unit?

A

The chemical unit of a compound that contains the relative numbers of cations and anions in the compound

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4
Q

True or false Transition elements can form more than one ion?

A

TRUE

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5
Q

True or False: main group elements and a few transition metals form an ion with only one charge

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Monatomic _____ or elements in the same _____ group have the _______ ionic charge?

A
  1. ions
  2. main
  3. ionic
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7
Q

Alkali metals and Fr form ions with a a _____ charge and the halogens and I form ions with a _____ charge

A
  1. 1+
    2.1-
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8
Q

How do you determine the ion charge of cations?

A

their ion charge equals A group number

ex: Na is in group 1A and forms Na^+
Ba is in group 2A and forms Ba^2+

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9
Q

For anions ion charge is equal to what?

A

their A group number minus 8

ex: S A group is 6A therefore, 6-8 = -1 –> S^2-

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10
Q

Main group monotamic ions have the same number of electrons as an _______________gas?

A

atom of the nearest noble

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11
Q

An ionic compound has zero net charge, why?

A

the positive charges of the cations balance the negative changes of the anions

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12
Q

Ion charges _______ appear in the compound formula?

A

do not

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13
Q

Oxoanion

A

anion in which an element usually a non metal is bonded to one or more oxygen atoms

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14
Q

With two oxyanions in the family Ions with more O atoms take the nonmetal root and the suffix ___________

A

-ate

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15
Q

With two oxyanions in the family Ions with fewer O atoms takes the non metal root and the suffix _______

A

-ite

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16
Q

With four oxyanions in the family, the ion with the most O atoms has the prefix ____, the nonmetal root, and the suffix _____

A
  1. per-
  2. -ate
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17
Q

With four oxyanions in the family, the ion with one fewer O atoms has just the root and the suffix _____

A

-ate

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18
Q

With four oxyanions in the family, the ion with two fewer O atoms has just the root and the suffix _____

A

-ite

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19
Q

With four oxyanions in the family, the ion with the least (three fewer) O atoms has the prefix ____and the suffix _____

A
  1. hypo-
  2. -ite
20
Q

Hydrates

A

An ionic compound that has a specific number of water molecules in each formula unit

21
Q

True or false water molecules refered to “waters of hydration” are apart of the hydrates structure

A

true

22
Q

True or false heating can remove some or all of the hydrates water molecules leading to a different substance

A

true

23
Q

how do you name and write an Acids formula?

A

We consider then as anions that have one or more hydrogen ions added to them to give a neutral compound

24
Q

what are the two common types of acids ?

A

Binary acid and oxoacids

25
Q

When do binary acid solutions form?

A

when certain gaseous solutions dissolve in water

26
Q

Oxoacid names are similar to those of oxoanions, except for two suffix changes_________

A

-ate in the anion becomes -ic in the acid

-ite in the anion becomes -ous in the acid

oxyanion root + suffix -ic or -ous + separate word acid

27
Q

what are the oxoanion prefixes?

A

hypo- and per-

28
Q

Is the suffix hydro- used when naming oxoacids?

A

no

29
Q

how are binary covalent compounds typically formed?

A

by the combination of two nonmetals

30
Q

The element with the _________ number in the periodic table comes ________ in the name

A
  1. lower group
  2. first
31
Q

The element with the _________ number comes _________ and is named with its root and suffix as _____

A
  1. higher group
  2. second
    3.-ide
32
Q

EXCEPTION: when the compound contains _____ and any other of the ________ the halogen name comes first

A
  1. oxygen
  2. halogens (chlorine bromine or iodine)
33
Q

If both elements are in the same group the one with the higher ________ comes first

A

period number

34
Q

covalent compounds use greek numerical prefixes to______

A

indicate the number of atoms of each element

35
Q

The first element in the name of a covalent compound has a prefix only when ________

A

More than one atom is present

36
Q

The second element usually has________

A

a prefix

37
Q

Ex: What is the formula or carbon disulfide?

A

prefix di- means two the formula is CSsubscript2

38
Q

EX2: What is the name of PCIsubscript 5?

A

P= phosphorous 5 chlorine atoms–> prefix penta-
phosphorous pentachloride

39
Q

What are the simplest type of organic compounds? and what do they contain?

A

Hydrocarbons

only Carbon and Hydrogen

40
Q

What is the simplest type of hydrocarbon?

A

Alkanes

41
Q

What are the simplest types of Alkanes? and why?

A

Straight-chain alkanes because the carbon chains have no branches

42
Q

How are alkanes named?

A

Named with a root based on the number of C atoms in the chain followed by the suffix, -ane

43
Q

How do we calculate molecular mass?

A

sum of atomic masses

molecular mass = sum of atomic masses

44
Q

Ionic compounds do not have molecules so the mass formula is sometimes called ________?

A

Formula mass

45
Q

how do you calculate the formula mass of a compound with a polyatomic ion?

A

number of atoms inside parenthesis is multiplied by subscript number outside parenthesis

ex: Ba(NO3)2
atomic mass of Ba 2x atomic mass of N and 3 times atomic mass of O

46
Q

Describe a molecular formula and what it does?

A

Uses elements symbols and numerical subscripts to give the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound

47
Q

what does the structural formula do?

A

Shows relative placement and connections of atoms in the molecule

Chemistry Chapter 2 (4 decks)

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