2.8 Compounds: Formulas, Names, Masses

Question 1

What is the rule for all ionic compounds when naming them?

Answer 1

Cation/ positive ion comes first then anion/ negative ion second

Question 2

what is the rule for naming cations and anions of all binary ionic compounds?

Answer 2

The name of the metal is the name of the cation and the name of the anion has (suffix -ide) added to the end of the metal

ex: anion formed from bromine = bromide

full example: a compound formed by metal calcium and nonmetal bromine becomes calcium bromide

Question 3

what is a formula unit?

Answer 3

The chemical unit of a compound that contains the relative numbers of cations and anions in the compound

Question 4

True or false Transition elements can form more than one ion?

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

True or False: main group elements and a few transition metals form an ion with only one charge

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Monatomic _____ or elements in the same _____ group have the _______ ionic charge?

Answer 6

1. ions
2. main
3. ionic

Question 7

Alkali metals and Fr form ions with a a _____ charge and the halogens and I form ions with a _____ charge

Answer 7

1. 1+
   2.1-

Question 8

How do you determine the ion charge of cations?

Answer 8

their ion charge equals A group number

ex: Na is in group 1A and forms Na^+
Ba is in group 2A and forms Ba^2+

Question 9

For anions ion charge is equal to what?

Answer 9

their A group number minus 8

ex: S A group is 6A therefore, 6-8 = -1 –> S^2-

Question 10

Main group monotamic ions have the same number of electrons as an _______________gas?

Answer 10

atom of the nearest noble

Question 11

An ionic compound has zero net charge, why?

Answer 11

the positive charges of the cations balance the negative changes of the anions

Question 12

Ion charges _______ appear in the compound formula?

Answer 12

do not

Question 13

Oxoanion

Answer 13

anion in which an element usually a non metal is bonded to one or more oxygen atoms

Question 14

With two oxyanions in the family Ions with more O atoms take the nonmetal root and the suffix ___________

Answer 14

-ate

Question 15

With two oxyanions in the family Ions with fewer O atoms takes the non metal root and the suffix _______

Answer 15

-ite

Question 16

With four oxyanions in the family, the ion with the most O atoms has the prefix ____, the nonmetal root, and the suffix _____

Answer 16

1. per-
2. -ate

Question 17

With four oxyanions in the family, the ion with one fewer O atoms has just the root and the suffix _____

Answer 17

-ate

Question 18

With four oxyanions in the family, the ion with two fewer O atoms has just the root and the suffix _____

Answer 18

-ite

Question 19

With four oxyanions in the family, the ion with the least (three fewer) O atoms has the prefix ____and the suffix _____

Answer 19

1. hypo-
2. -ite

Question 20

Hydrates

Answer 20

An ionic compound that has a specific number of water molecules in each formula unit

Question 21

True or false water molecules refered to “waters of hydration” are apart of the hydrates structure

Answer 21

true

Question 22

True or false heating can remove some or all of the hydrates water molecules leading to a different substance

Answer 22

true

Question 23

how do you name and write an Acids formula?

Answer 23

We consider then as anions that have one or more hydrogen ions added to them to give a neutral compound

Question 24

what are the two common types of acids ?

Answer 24

Binary acid and oxoacids

Question 25

When do binary acid solutions form?

Answer 25

when certain gaseous solutions dissolve in water

Question 26

Oxoacid names are similar to those of oxoanions, except for two suffix changes_________

Answer 26

-ate in the anion becomes -ic in the acid -ite in the anion becomes -ous in the acid oxyanion root + suffix -ic or -ous + separate word acid

Question 27

what are the oxoanion prefixes?

Answer 27

hypo- and per-

Question 28

Is the suffix hydro- used when naming oxoacids?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

how are binary covalent compounds typically formed?

Answer 29

by the combination of two nonmetals

Question 30

The element with the _________ number in the periodic table comes ________ in the name

Answer 30

1. lower group 2. first

Question 31

The element with the _________ number comes _________ and is named with its root and suffix as _____

Answer 31

1. higher group 2. second 3.-ide

Question 32

EXCEPTION: when the compound contains _____ and any other of the ________ the halogen name comes first

Answer 32

1. oxygen 2. halogens (chlorine bromine or iodine)

Question 33

If both elements are in the same group the one with the higher ________ comes first

Answer 33

period number

Question 34

covalent compounds use greek numerical prefixes to______

Answer 34

indicate the number of atoms of each element

Question 35

The first element in the name of a covalent compound has a prefix only when ________

Answer 35

More than one atom is present

Question 36

The second element usually has________

Answer 36

a prefix

Question 37

Ex: What is the formula or carbon disulfide?

Answer 37

prefix di- means two the formula is CSsubscript2

Question 38

EX2: What is the name of PCIsubscript 5?

Answer 38

P= phosphorous 5 chlorine atoms--> prefix penta- phosphorous pentachloride

Question 39

What are the simplest type of organic compounds? and what do they contain?

Answer 39

Hydrocarbons only Carbon and Hydrogen

Question 40

What is the simplest type of hydrocarbon?

Answer 40

Alkanes

Question 41

What are the simplest types of Alkanes? and why?

Answer 41

Straight-chain alkanes because the carbon chains have no branches

Question 42

How are alkanes named?

Answer 42

Named with a root based on the number of C atoms in the chain followed by the suffix, -ane

Question 43

How do we calculate molecular mass?

Answer 43

sum of atomic masses molecular mass = sum of atomic masses

Question 44

Ionic compounds do not have molecules so the mass formula is sometimes called ________?

Answer 44

Formula mass

Question 45

how do you calculate the formula mass of a compound with a polyatomic ion?

Answer 45

number of atoms inside parenthesis is multiplied by subscript number outside parenthesis ex: Ba(NO3)2 atomic mass of Ba 2x atomic mass of N and 3 times atomic mass of O

Question 46

Describe a molecular formula and what it does?

Answer 46

Uses elements symbols and numerical subscripts to give the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound

Question 47

what does the structural formula do?

Answer 47

Shows relative placement and connections of atoms in the molecule