2800 Exam One Flashcards

Question

With what diseases should we use airborne precautions?

Answer 1

``` TB Measles SARS Chicken pox Shingles ```

Answer 2

Negative pressure airborne infection isolation room

Answer 3

A room with negative pressure that discharges the air and exchanges it outside the room

Answer 4

High efficiency particulate air system

Answer 5

Fitted respirator mask (N95 or PAPR) Gloves Gown Mask

Answer 6

Study of genes and their role in inheritance

Answer 7

Study of a persons genes and how they interact with one another and the environment

Answer 8

Early detection Risk assessments Donor-transplant matches Improved diagnoses of diseases

Answer 9

Cost and insurance What a positive test means and doesnt mean Emotional impact of results Changes in lifestyle that may be needed because of results Family impacts What a negative result means

Answer 10

Educate patients on what it is Connect them to resources Advocate for patients to get genetic services Be able to identify basic genetic patterns and risk factors

Answer 11

``` Anxiety Uncertainty about whether disease will develop Stress Family tension Depression over results Decisions about whether to have kids ```

Answer 12

Patients making healthcare decisions based on inadequate information Potential insurance discrimination Financial restrictions on genetic testing access Access and privacy for genetic information

Answer 13

GINA (genetic information non discriminatory act) | *only protects in cases of health insurance, not life or long term insurance*

Answer 14

Because a family history can highlight genetic risk factors/predispositions, and the patient can change their lifestyle or diet to help eliminate some risk of developing that disease

Answer 15

Multiple relatives affected across multiple generations Early onset diseases First degree relatives affected Disease affecting those of an opposite gender from those normally affected

Answer 16

``` Patient centered care Teamwork and collaboration Safety Quality improvement Informatics Evidence based practice ```

Answer 17

Following safety recommendations Communicating concerns and errors Helping to design systems to improve safety

Answer 18

Minnesota department of health

Answer 19

An unannounced, multi-day review of a facility to evaluate care, quality of care, and whether standards are being met

Answer 20

An exit interview, where the DOH sits down with the facility and talks over the survey. A survey report is also sent to the facility

Answer 21

A facility failing to meet a state regulation

Answer 22

Facility failing to meet a federal/CMS regulation

Answer 23

Remediation plan to fix the identified problem (usually education, system changes, or procedure changes)

Answer 24

Fines or shutting down the facility

Answer 25

A never event

Answer 26

Using quality measures to understand performance Identifying gaps between local and best practices Helping in investigations of issues Collecting data using quality improvement tools

Answer 27

A measure of clinical quality of care derived from assessment of every resident

Answer 28

``` Quality of life Continence Patient satisfaction Nutrition Behavioral functioning Accidents and falls Skin care Use of restraints Infections Psychosis Declining mobility ```

Answer 29

Federally mandated patient assessments gathered upon admission and then periodically at long term care facilities/TCUs to evaluate patient care and determine how it will be compensated by CMS

Answer 30

A MDS nurse

Answer 31

Integrating best current evidence with clinical expertise and client preference to deliver optimal health care

Answer 32

Reading research Looking at evidence reports and clinical practice guidelines Willingness to improve care through new knowledge

Answer 33

Patient values, clinical expertise, and evidence

Answer 34

``` Ask an answerable question Compile evidence Analyze/synthesize evidence Implement evidence in practice Evaluate the outcome in the clinical setting Share results of EBP change ```

Answer 35

``` Patient/problem Intervention to be taken Comparison against baseline/old method Outcome Time period (if applicable) ```

Answer 36

Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials

Answer 37

Rapid onset Short duration Self limiting Responds to treatment

Answer 38

Lasts longer than 6 months No quick recovery Usually irreversible

Answer 39

Comorbidity

Answer 40

Physical or mental condition that limits movement, senses, or activities

Answer 41

Coronary artery disease Cancer COPD

Answer 42

``` Poor diet Lack of activity Tobacco/alcohol People living longer Lower infant mortality rates Eradication of some diseases ```

Answer 43

``` Delayed development Stress Functional impairment Missed school time Social isolation ```

Answer 44

``` Strain of caring for child Strain of caring for other children Missed work days Financial cost Grief Marital strain ```

Answer 45

``` Asthma Diabetes Cancer Hypertension ADHD Autism Mental health issues ```

Answer 46

``` Increased responsibility Feeling ignored by parents Jealousy Behavioral/emotional issues Guilt Anger ```

Answer 47

Onset —> stable —>acute (complications arise) —> comeback (gradual recovery) —>crisis (life threatening issue or issues) —> unstable/downward —> dying. Can go through different numbers of those stages or repeats, but begins are ends about the same. Peak function is rarely regained

Answer 48

The nurse can plan and implement the best care according to the stage the patient is in, and not have unrealistic expectations according to where the patient is in the trajectory

Answer 49

Prevent and manage a crisis Adhere to treatment Control symptoms Reorder time Adjust to changes over the course of the disease Prevent social isolation Attempt to normalize interactions with others

Answer 50

Time consuming Difficult Painful Hard to remember

Answer 51

Creating a new state of normalcy in the face of something life-changing, such as chronic illness

Answer 52

**this includes school, discipline, routines, and structures as much as possible!**

Answer 53

Separation from parents, which can create trust issues | External stimuli is often painful

Answer 54

They have increased parental dependence and are unable to explore their world like normal

Answer 55

Limited ability to master self-care Limited socialization opportunity Overprotected by family

Answer 56

Limited ability to achieve and compete Limited socializing Falling behind in education

Answer 57

They feel different from their peers Increased family dependence (autonomy negatively impacted) Fear about the future Risk taking behaviors Limited achievement of abstract thought mastery

Answer 58

Those 65-74 years old

Answer 59

Those over 85 years old

Answer 60

Over 75 years old with physical, mental, or cognitive conditions that affect ability to perform ADLs

Answer 61

Ego integrity versus despair

Answer 62

Generativity versus stagnation

Answer 63

Maximizing independence

Answer 64

Fairness and upholding moral, legal, and humanistic principles

Answer 65

Providing quality, non-discriminatory care Universal access to healthcare, regardless of situation Advocating for legislation and policy that upholds social justice ideals

Answer 66

Women are more likely to be chronically ill Women are less likely to be correctly diagnosed and receive necessary treatment Women are more likely to live in poverty and less likely to have health insurance Women usually live longer than men

Answer 67

``` Minority Low SES Chronically ill Cognitively impaired Rural Homeless Frail older adults Women ```

Answer 68

Declining health Acute illness Delirium Depression

Answer 69

Transportation

Answer 70

Limited healthcare workers and facilities Lack of quality healthcare Social isolation Financial limitations

Answer 71

Low income Reduced cognitive capacity Living alone Lack of affordable housing

Answer 72

``` Disability Chronic conditions Dementia Smoking Falls Unintended weight loss Exhaustion Impaired mobility ```

Answer 73

Malnutrition Dehydration Weakness Decreased mobility

Answer 74

Physical and cognitive dysfunction Psychiatric diagnoses Alcohol and drug abuse Decreased social support

Answer 75

``` Pressure ulcers Weight loss Poor hygiene Depression Agitation Behavioral and emotional issues ```

Answer 76

Being unable to meet one’s own needs and refusing help

Answer 77

Screen for mistreatment (always screen first!) Conduct history and head to toe Develop safety plan Document and report findings Get social worker and protective services involved

Answer 78

``` Lack of respite from responsibilities Change in family roles Conflict Inability to care for self Change in living conditions Not having adequate knowledge or resources ```

Answer 79

Learning new skills Knowing loved one is receiving good care Finding opportunities for intimacy and bonding

Answer 80

``` Encourage caregivers to take care of themselves Connect them to support groups Encourage social contact Connect them to respite care services Help them find joy ```

Answer 81

Acknowledge siblings skills, coping ability, and caring abilities Limit caretaking responsibilities of siblings Listen to them and praise them for positive actions

Answer 82

Skilled care facility/TCU

Answer 83

Long term care

Answer 84

Meals Bathing Cleaning Other ADLs/IADLs

Answer 85

Functional ability

Answer 86

Rapid deterioration Caregiver inability due to stress or burnout Alteration/loss of family support system

Answer 87

Relocation stress syndrome

Answer 88

Symptoms are underreported Clients alter functional systems to cope with symptoms Fear of healthcare workers and institutions can cause them to not say anything

Answer 89

Symptoms or treatments for one disease or problem leading to other diseases/injuries/problems

Answer 90

Functional ability

Answer 91

To help clients adapt to or recover from acute functional decline. Maximizing functioning and physical capability

Answer 92

Functional decline Infection Institutionalization

Answer 93

Preexisting conditions Current health and functional status Loss of function due to inactivity or immobility

Answer 94

Loss of function due to inactivity or immobility

Answer 95

Passive and active range of motion

Answer 96

Falls Motor vehicle accidents Fires

Answer 97

``` Decreased vision Forgetfulness Overuse of OTC meds Non-compliance Not being able to afford meds Not taking due to side effects ```

Answer 98

Functional improvement and quality of life Changes in ADLs/IADLs How the patient feels like its going

Answer 99

Decreased muscle strength, tone, and endurance Atrophy Bone demineralization Hypercalcemia/negative bone calcium uptake

Answer 100

Limitation of passive ROM at the joint (hard to straighten)

Answer 101

Decreased metabolism Negative nitrogen balance Hypercalcemia Decreased stress hormone production

Answer 102

Venous stasis Decreased ability to adjust BP to positional changes Diminished vasopressor mechanism (hypertension) Edema

Answer 103

``` Decreased need for oxygen Decreased chest expansion and vital capacity Secretion retention Loss of respiratory muscle strength Poor abdominal tone (hinders coughing) ```

Answer 104

Distention due to poor abdominal tone Constipation Anorexia

Answer 105

Less gravitational force causing difficulty voiding, urinary retention, and renal caliculi Increased UTI risk

Answer 106

Altered tissue integrity and circulation Poor wound healing (especially if malnourished) Pressure and moisture leading to skin breakdown

Answer 107

``` Social isolation Anxiety Sensory deprivation Helplessness Depression Body image issues Anger and aggression Regression Sluggish intellectual or psychomotor response ```

Answer 108

``` Upright posture Maintain ROM and joint alignment Anti-embolism stockings Serum calcium monitoring Keep patient active as much as possible ```

Answer 109

``` Mobilize ASAP ROM High protein, high fiber diet Low stress environment Do everything possible to prevent pressure ulcers ```

Answer 110

``` Monitor peripheral pulses and skin temperature TED hose/stockings Abdominal support Monitor hydration/BP/I&O Sequential compression devices ```

Answer 111

``` Promote exercise and deep breathing Position for chest expansion Promote coughing Incentive spirometry Listen to lung sounds Immunizations Hydration Reposition frequently ```

Answer 112

``` Monitor bowel sounds Small, frequent meals Keep patient sitting upright Bowel training program Protein supplements High fiber diet ```

Answer 113

``` Position upright to void Hydrate Give antibiotics as needed Monitor I&O Bladder training ```

Answer 114

``` Turn and reposition frequently Frequent skin inspection Encourage self care Minimize pressure on skin Adequate protein Keep patient clean if incontinent ```

Answer 115

``` Get them out and about Encourage socializing Set and celebrate goals Orient them to place and time Diversional therapies Comfort items (especially for kids) ```

Answer 116

Genetic disease with gradual degeneration of muscle fibers

Answer 117

``` Onset between 3 and 7 years old Progressive weakness and wasting Calf muscle pseudohypertrophy Loss of independent ambulation by 9-12 years old Gower’s sign Joint and muscle contracture ```

Answer 118

``` Promoting mobility and independence Encouraging growth and development Prevention of isolation and complications Support the family as disease progresses Range of motion exercises ```

Answer 119

Progressive, autoimmune degenerative disorder affecting nerves of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 120

``` Blurred/double vision Muscle weakness in extreme ties Coordination and balance issues Numbness and tingling Vertigo Tinnitus Fatigue in hot weather Lhermitte’s sign ```

Answer 121

A common manifestation in MS in which the patient feels an electric shock feeling down their spine with neck flexion

Answer 122

Coordination and balance issues Weakness Walking/standing issues Tremors

Answer 123

Hearing loss Blurred or double vision Red green color distortion Blindness in one eye

Answer 124

Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement/shaking) Ataxia (balance issues) Dysarthria (slurred speech) Dysphagia

Answer 125

Constipation Spastic bladder Flaccid bladder

Answer 126

Bladder with a small capacity and unchecked contractions. Leads to urgency, frequency, and dribbling

Answer 127

Large urine capacity with no sensation, urge to void, pressure, or pain. Increases UTI risk

Answer 128

``` Short term memory issues Sexual dysfunction Problems with attention, planning, information processing, word finding Anger Depression Euphoria Self concept changes ```

Answer 129

``` Maintain ADLs Maximize neuromuscular function Manage fatigue Adjust to illness Reduce exacerbating factors Optimize psychosocial well-being ```

Answer 130

``` Infection Trauma Immunization Childbirth Stress Changes in climate Exhaustion ```

Answer 131

Minimal caffeine Balanced, nutritious diet High fiber intake

Answer 132

Anticholinergics Self-catheterization Increased fiber and fluid

Answer 133

Degenerative, progressive, non-inflammatory disorder of the synovial joints

Answer 134

``` Trauma Repetitive mechanical stress Inflammation Joint instability Skeletal deformities Obesity ```

Answer 135

Joint pain, especially with use. Weight bearing joints affected most, along with hands Pain gets worse with activity and barometric pressure changes Can be asymmetrical

Answer 136

Stiffness Loss of joint function Deformity or instability of joint Crepitus

Answer 137

Rest often Protect joints and use assistive devices Avoid kneeling and squatting Engage in low impact exercise

Answer 138

Balanced diet Exercise Weight reduction if indicated

Answer 139

``` Ginger Fish oil Movement therapies Acupuncture Massage Hot/cold applications ```

Answer 140

Ice for acute inflammation and pain, heat for stiffness

Answer 141

Chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of connective tissue in synovial joints

Answer 142

``` Fatigue Anorexia Weight loss Stiffness Symmetrical joint pain and stiffness Inflammation that often starts in the hands Subluxation at the joints ```

Answer 143

``` Rheumatoid nodules Enlarged spleen and low WBC count (felty syndrome) Diminished lacrimal and salivary gland production (sjogien’s syndrome) Dismissed grasp strength Pericarditis/myocarditis Neuropathy Depression Carpal tunnel ```

Answer 144

Granular type nodules often found on bony areas that are exposed to high pressure

Answer 145

RA: lost or maintained weight OA: often overweight or obese

Answer 146

RA: small joints first, bilateral and symmetric OA: weight bearing joints, spine. Often asymmetric

Answer 147

RA: stiffness can last one hour to all day and may decrease with use. Pain is variable OA: pain is often bad first thing in the morning and then may subside. Often worsens with use or disease progression

Answer 148

Maintain joint function and minimize deformity

Answer 149

``` Joint protection Assistive devices Physical therapy Resting throughout the day Splints for joints Avoid handshakes ```

Answer 150

``` Loss of function Low self esteem Altered body image Fear of disability or deformity Fatigue Depression ```

Answer 151

``` Help patient understand disease progression and treatment Listen to fears and concerns Evaluate support system Evaluate financial planning Monitor for depression ```

2800 Exam One Flashcards

(176 cards)