Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SCI ED 1100 > Unit 2 Ch 7 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 2 Ch 7 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Neptunism

A

the obsolete theory that all rocks of Earth’s crust were deposit from, or crystallized out of; water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plutonism

A

the obsolete theory that the rocks of Earth’s crust formed by solidification of a molten material or were heated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

atomic number

A

the total number of protons in an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ion

A

an atom or molecule that possesses an electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cation

A

ion with a positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

anion

A

ion with a negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

covalent bonding

A

union formed when two or more atoms mutually share electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ionic bonding

A

molecular bond formed when two oppositely charged atoms (ions) attract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

silicates

A

a substance that contains silica as part of its chemical formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

crystal form

A

the arrangement of various faces on a crystal in a definite geometric relationship to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cleavage

A

the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hardness

A

resistance of a mineral to scratching; Mohs scale - 10 minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

color

A

used to describe minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

luster

A

appearance taken on by a mineral in reflected light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

streak

A

color of a pulverized substance; a useful property for mineral identification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

absolute hardness scale

A

denotes hardness based on how much pressure must be applied to a diamond point moved across a mineral before a scratch appears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

igneous rock

A

a rock formed by the crystallization of magma or lava

18
Q

lava

A

magma that reaches the ground surface

19
Q

plutonic igneous rocks

A

igneous rock formed at great depth; cool slowly far below surface; large crystals

20
Q

texture

A

The general physical appearance of rocks. The size, shape, and arrangement of component minerals in sedimentary rocks determine the texture. In igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, the crystallinity and fabric of the minerals are major determinants of texture.

21
Q

beds or strata

A

strata: parallel layers of sedimentary rock
bed: the smallest division of a series of layered rocks, marked by a well-defined divisional plane from its neighbors below and above

22
Q

volcanic igneous rocks

A

small grain size; cool rapidly at surface; small crystals

23
Q

clastic sedimentary rocks

A

a sedimentary rock made of fragments of preexisting rock

24
Q

chemical sedimentary rocks

A

the processes by which the internal structure of a mineral is altered by the removal or addition of elements

25
Q

biochemical sedimentary rocks

A

a sedimentary rock made by or from organic matter

26
Q

weathering

A

the group of processes that change rock at or near Earth’s surface

27
Q

transportation

A

movement of materials from one location to another

28
Q

erosion

A

the physical removal of rock by an agent such as running water, glacial ice, or wind

29
Q

lithification

A

the process by which unconsolidated sediments become consolidated rocks

30
Q

crystal settling

A

during the crystallization of magma, the earlier-formed minerals are denser than the liquid portion and settle to the bottom of the magma chamber

31
Q

metamorphic rock

A

a rock produced by metamorphism

32
Q

contact metamorphism

A

changes in rock caused by the hear from a nearby magma body

33
Q

regional metamorphism

A

the name applied to those metamorphic alterations that affect rocks over large areas and are indicative of widespread environmental changes rather than localized deformation or magmatism

34
Q

foliation

A

planes of minerals formed in response to stress; a feature of many metamorphic rocks

35
Q

rock cycle

A

a sequence of processes and products that relates each rock type to the others and that describes rocks as continuously forming from preexisting rocks

36
Q

mineral resource

A

all discovered and undiscovered deposits of a useful mineral that can be extracted now or at some time in the future

37
Q

hydrothermal mineral deposits

A

mineral deposits formed when heated water circulates through rock pores or other openings

38
Q

magmatic mineral deposits

A

mineral deposits formed when minerals become concentrated as magma cools and solidifies

39
Q

residual mineral deposits

A

mineral deposit formed from the leaching of soil by water

40
Q

placer deposits

A

found in present-day streams or in ancient stream deposits; represent a natural recycling of older mineral deposits

41
Q

magma

A

molten rock that may contain dissolved gases as well as some solid minerals

42
Q

metamorphism

A

the effects of increasing temperature, pressure, or both within Earth that produce solid-state mineralogical, chemical, and textural changes that alter the features of preexisting rocks

SCI ED 1100 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions