Chapter 17: Endocrine and Hematologic Emergencies

Question 1

regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis

Answer 1

endocrine system

Question 2

glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body

Answer 2

endocrine glands

Question 3

A chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues

Answer 3

hormone

Question 4

One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus

Answer 5

insulin

Question 6

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin

Answer 6

diabetes mellitus

Question 7

The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in childhood and requires synthetic insulin for proper treatment and control

Answer 7

type 1 diabetes

Question 8

The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications

Answer 8

type 2 diabetes

Question 9

The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine

Answer 9

polyuria

Question 10

Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake; often a result of excessive urination

Answer 10

polydipsia

Question 11

Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger

Answer 11

polyphagia

Question 12

A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body

Answer 12

acidosis

Question 13

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

Answer 13

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Question 14

Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body

Answer 14

Kussmaul respirations

Question 15

An abnormally high glucose level in the blood

Answer 15

hyperglycemia

Question 16

An abnormally low glucose level in the blood

Answer 16

hypoglycemia

Question 17

A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia

Answer 17

hyperglycemic crisis (diabetic coma)

Question 18

Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status

Answer 18

hypoglycemic crisis (insulin shock)

Question 19

The study and prevention of blood-related disorders

Answer 19

hematology

Question 20

A hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle-shaped

Answer 20

sickle cell disease

Question 21

Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body

Answer 21

vaso-occlusive crisis

Question 22

A condition in which the body stops producing red blood cells; typically caused by infection

Answer 22

aplastic crisis

Question 23

A rapid destruction of red blood cells that occurs faster than the body’s ability to create new cells

Answer 23

hemolytic crisis

Question 24

An acute, painful enlargement of the spleen caused by sickle cell disease

Answer 24

splenic sequestration crisis

Question 25

A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system

Answer 25

thrombosis

Question 26

A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation

Answer 26

thrombophilia

Question 27

A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding

Answer 27

hemophilia