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Rad Technique > Processing of Latent Imaging > Flashcards

Processing of Latent Imaging Flashcards

0
Q

Prepares the surface of the film for proper penetration

A

Wetting stage

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1
Q

Stages of processing (manual)

A 
Wetting
Development
Rinsing
Fixing
Washing
Drying
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2
Q

Penetrates the gelatin of the emulsion

A

Water

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3
Q

Converts the silver halide crystal to black metallic silver

A

Development stage

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4
Q

Chemical use in development stage

A

Development solution

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5
Q

Amount of blackening depends on:

A

Temperature
Time
Activity of developer chemicals

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6
Q

An up and down movement of tge film within the solution

A

Agitation

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7
Q

In manual processing , agitation should be limited to

A

5 seconds

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8
Q

Too much agitation will result to

A

Uneven development

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9
Q

Removes the excessive developer solution from the film’s surface before putting the film to the fixer solution

A

Rinsing stage

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10
Q

Used to neutralize the alkaline developer solution

A

Stop bath ( diluted acetic solution)

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11
Q

Rinsing in automatic is removed because of the presence of

A

Squeegee rollers

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12
Q

Removes the unexposed silver compounds and hardens gelatin

A

Fixing stage

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13
Q

Chemical use in fixing stage

A

Fixer solution

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14
Q

Activity of fixer solution is derermined by

A

pH level of solution

Silver concentration on fixer

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15
Q

Removes residual fixer from the film emulsion and remainder of soluble silver salts

A

Washing stage

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16
Q

Dries the film and completely hardens the gelatin

A

Drying stage

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17
Q

Container of the water

A

Master tank

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18
Q

Container of the developer and fixer solution

A

Insert tank

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19
Q

Quantitative method of measuring the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution

A

pH

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20
Q

The basis of the pH scale.

A

Pure water

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21
Q

Acid portion of the substance in a solution

A

H+ ion

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22
Q

Alkaline portion of the substance in a solution

A

OH

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23
Q

pH has a value of

A

0-14

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24
Q

_____ pH level is neutral

A

7

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25
Q

Developer for auto processing have a pH range of

A

9.6 - 10.6

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26
Q

Fixer for auto processing have a pH range of

A

4.2-4.9

27
Q

Developer chemicals has 2 functions

A

Conversion

Selectivity

28
Q

Convert crystal to black metallic silver

A

Conversion

29
Q

Must differentiate between exposed silevr halide from unexposed silver halide

A

Selectivity

30
Q

Converts exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

Provides electrons to the crystal to change positive silver to black neutral silver

A

Developing agent / reducing agent

31
Q

Solution which hydrogen concentration is practically unchanged by dilution

A

Buffer

32
Q

Absorbing harmful by products of development action

A

Buffer

33
Q

Loss of activity of developer

A

Exhaustion

Oxidation

34
Q

Controls developer activity by ensuring correct pH

Gives alkaline in solution

A

Accelerator / activator

35
Q

Improves selectivity of developer , ensuring low fog and high image contrast

A

Restrainer / anti-foggant

36
Q

Reduce aerial oxidation to minimum

A

Preservative

37
Q

Metods of reducing aerial oxidation

A

High preservative level
Floating lid
Closely fitting roller
Deep narrow tanks

38
Q

Soften hard water supplies, preventing precipitation of the calcium and magnesium salts

A

Sequestering agent

39
Q

Act as solvent for all chemicals

A

Solvent ( water)

40
Q

Reduces emulsion swelling and softening ( automatic)

A

Hardening agent

41
Q

Stimulate uniform development by reducing the surface tension bet ghe developing solution and film emulsion

A

Wetting agent ( detergent)

42
Q

Reduce foaming mainly due to the presence of wetting agent

A

Anti - frothant ( anti- foaming)

43
Q

Prevents the growth of fungi

A

Fungicide

44
Q

Depresses the pH of the developer

A

Starter solution

45
Q

Replaces the exhausted developer

A

Replenisher

46
Q

Average replenishment is

A

40-60 ml for every 35 cm film

47
Q

Factors affects to development

A

Time
Temperature
Concentration of chemical

48
Q

2 fixer chemicals function

A

Conversion

Selectivity

49
Q

Convert unexposed undeveloped silver halide crystals to soluble silver complexes

A

Conversion

50
Q

Must no effect on either the metallic silver in the developed image w/c it us suspended

A

Selectivity

51
Q

Converts unexposed, undeveloped silver bromide into water soluble silver complexes

Produces the transparent appearance of the film

A

Fixing agent /clearing agent

52
Q

Agawan ng fixer at developer

A

Dichronic fog

53
Q

Stop development by neutralizing tge alkali developer

A

Acid ( activator)

54
Q

Maintain the pH of the fixing solution w/in fine tolerance

A

Buffer

55
Q

Reduced to minimum the breakdown of fixing agent into sulfur particles

A

Preservative

56
Q

Control the swelling and softening of the emulsion

A

Hardener

57
Q

Average replenishment is

A

80-100 ml for every 35 cm film

58
Q

Remove the remainder of the soluble silver complex salts that have not been removed by the water

A

Washing

59
Q

Length of time a film will store w/i significant detoriation

A

Archival permanence

60
Q

Responsible for yellow-brown strains

A

Salts

61
Q

Uses two electrodes . Silver ions are attracted to tge cathode is neutralized

A

Electrolytic method

124
Q

Types of manual processing

A

Time-temperature method

Sight development

125
Q

Types of processing

A

Manual
Automatic
Day light system

126
Q

Wash water passes through the steel wool fibers and silver ions exchanges with iron ions in the steel wool

A

Metal ion exchange

127
Q

Sodium suphide is added to waste fixer

A

Precipitation

Rad Technique (13 decks)

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