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NTDT 200 > Chapter 6(part 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 6(part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Atom Composition of proteins

A
  • carbons
  • hydrogen
  • oxygen
  • nitrogen
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2
Q

What do amino acids consist of?

A
  • carbon
  • hydrogen
  • amino group
  • acid group
  • unique side group
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3
Q

How may amino acids is a protein made of?

A

20 amino acids

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4
Q

Discuss essential amino acids

A

9

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5
Q

Discuss nonessential amino acids

A

more than half

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6
Q

Which amino acid is conditionally essential?

A

phenylalanine(essential) makes tyrosine(non essential)

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7
Q

9 essential amino acids

A
  • Histidine
  • Isoleucine
  • Leucine
  • Lysine
  • Methionine
  • Phenylalanine
  • Threonine
  • Tryptophan
  • Valine
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8
Q

What link amino acids?

which what kind of reaction

A

peptide bonds

condensation

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9
Q

What is a dipeptide?

A

2 amino acids together

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10
Q

What is a tripeptide?

A

3 amino acids

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11
Q

What us a polypeptide?

A

more than 3( several hundred amino acids long)

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12
Q

What is primary structure?

A

determined by sequence of different amino acids

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13
Q

Secondary Structure

A
  • weak electrical attractions within polpeptide chains
  • polypeptide chain folds,twists into a helix(coil or spiral)
  • these shapes give protein strength and rigidity
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14
Q

Tertiary Structure

A

-long polypeptide chains twist and fold into variety of complex and tangled shapes

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15
Q

Quaternary Structure

A

two or more polypeptides

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16
Q

What is denaturation?

A

change in protein’s shape(uncoil) and loss of function

17
Q

Heat example of denaturation

A

hating clear part of egg and then it turns white

18
Q

Agitation example of denaturation

A

whipping egg whites

19
Q

Acid

A

curdling milk w/acid or as in gastric environment

20
Q

Denaturation points

A
  • disruption of stability
  • uncoil and lose shape
  • stomach acid
21
Q

What does hydrochloric acid do to proteins?

A

denatures/uncoils

22
Q

What does HCL convert pepsinogen to?

A

pepsin

23
Q

What does pepsin do?

A

pepsin cleaves polypep into small polypeps

24
Q

What are enzymes(like what are they literally); therefore what can happen to them?

A

enzymes are protein and can be digested

25
Q

Transcription

A

DNA template to make mRNA

26
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

protein factories

27
Q

Translation

A

mRNA specifies sequence of amino acids

28
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A

-deficit in hemoglobin sequencing

  • change shape of red blood cells
  • interfere with oxygen and blood flow
29
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia Symptoms

A

Dehydration, hemolytic anemia(blood vessels burst, fever, joint and abdominal pain

NTDT 200 (17 decks)

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