Aorta Neck and Brain

Question 1

ligamnetum arteriosum

Answer 1

fibrous connective tissue cord. connects deep surface of aortic arch to bifurcation in pulmonary trunk. remnants of ductus arteriosus (fetal circulation)

Question 2

aortic arch

Answer 2

terminates at T4 vertebral level. becomes thoracic aorta below diaphragm is decending aorta.

Question 3

right brachiocephalic

Answer 3

branches into right carotid artery which supplies right side of head, neck, brain and the right subclavian which supplies right upper extremity, some to brain and branch of heart.

Question 4

left carotid

Answer 4

supplies left side of head, neck, and brain

Question 5

left subclavian

Answer 5

supplies left upper extremity, some to brain and branch to heart

Question 6

phrenic nerve

Answer 6

arises from c3-c5 nerves, supplies diaphragm. if injured paralysis of diaphragm on that side

Question 7

4 parts of brain

Answer 7

cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

Question 8

cerebrum

Answer 8

controls thought. center for perception, communication, understanding, and memory

Question 9

fold

Answer 9

gyri or convolutions

Question 10

deep grooves

Answer 10

fissures

Question 11

shallower grooves

Answer 11

sulci

Question 12

cerebrum longitudinal fissure

Answer 12

separates cerebrum into left and right hemispheres

Question 13

corpus callosum

Answer 13

connects cerebral hemispheres

Question 14

cerebral lobes

Answer 14

temporal, parietal, occipital, frontal

Question 15

central sulcus

Answer 15

separates frontal and parietal lobe

Question 16

pre central gyrus

Answer 16

anterior to the central sulcus (primary motor area)

Question 17

post central gyrus

Answer 17

posterior to central sulcus (primary somatosensory area)

Question 18

vertebral artery

Answer 18

branch of subclavian and supplies posterior brain

Question 19

internal carotid artery

Answer 19

branch of common carotid. supplies anterior brain

Question 20

external carotid artery

Answer 20

branch of common carotid artery. supplies face and neck

Question 21

circle of willis

Answer 21

anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery , anterior communicating artery, posterior communicating artery

Question 22

anterior cerebral artery

Answer 22

courses superior and then posteriorly along corpus callosum

Question 23

anterior communicating artery

Answer 23

branch off of anterior cerebral artery. very short and connects two anterior cerebral arteries

Question 24

middle cerebral artery

Answer 24

between parietal and temporal lobes

Question 25

anterior communicating artery

Answer 25

connects anterior cerebral arteries together

Question 26

posterior communicating artery

Answer 26

connects each internal carotid to basilar

Question 27

collateral circulation within circle of willis

Answer 27

anterior communicating artery, posterior communicating artery

Question 28

anterior circulation

Answer 28

main source: two internal carotids, internal carotid artery divides into anterior and middle cerebral arteries. functions as majority of cerebral circ. obstruction causes contralateral motor and sensory deficit

Question 29

posterior circulation

Answer 29

main source is two vertebral arteries which combine to form basilar artery basilar divide to form posterior cerebral arteries. functions to supply cerebrum brain stem. obstruction equals vision loss and vertigo

Question 30

strokes left dominant

Answer 30

aphasia, right hemiparesis, right sided sensory loss, right visual field defect, poor right conjugate gaze, dysarthria, difficulty reading, writing or calculating

Question 31

strokes right dominant

Answer 31

neglect of left visual field, extinction of left sided stimuli,
left hemiparesis, left sided sensory loss, left visual field defect, poor left conjugate gaze, dysarthria, spatial disorientation

Question 32

ischemic brain infarcts : strokes

Answer 32

vessel wall embolus (most common), carotid artery most common source. related to thrombus formation distal to stenosis

Question 33

cardiac source of strokes

Answer 33

atrial fibrillation, mitral valve stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, calcified mitral annulus, ventricular aneurysm or dyskinesia, atrial or ventricular clot, valvular vegetation, atrial septal defect

Question 34

other vascular sources of strokes

Answer 34

intracranial artery thrombus (esp. blacks), aortic atherosclerotic plaque, transient hypotension with carotid stenosis > 75%