Pharynx & Larynx

Question 1

What does sensory innervation to the pharynx? Exception?

Answer 1

Sensory to pharynx is done by CN IX glossopharyngel n via the pharyngeal branches.
Exception #1: Anterior part of nasopharynx: CNV2
Exception #2: Anatomical pill box (piriform recess): CN X internal laryngeal n of vagus.

Question 2

External muscles of the pharynx? Motor innervation?

Answer 2

Pharyngeal constrictors: superior, middle, and inferior

Motor: CN X vagus n.

Question 3

Stylopharyngeus motor innervation?

Answer 3

CN IX glossopharyngeal

Question 4

What is the cricopharyngeus? Where is it?

Answer 4

Part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor m. The very bottom part. Just under the pharyngeal raphe

Question 5

styloglossus motor innervation?

Answer 5

CN XII hypoglossal n.

Question 6

By location, how can you tell the vagus n. from the sympathetic chain?

Answer 6

Sympathetic chain is more medial, and BEHIND the carotid sheath.

Question 7

What are the internal (longitudinal) pharyngeal mm?

Answer 7

Salpingopharyngeus m
palatopharyngeus m
stylopharyngeus m

Question 8

Palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus interact how? Innervation?

Answer 8

Both innervated by vagus. they end up merging as they reach the middle constrictor.

Question 9

What are the pharyngeal tonsils called when they get enlarged?

Answer 9

Adenoids

Question 10

An earache or pain inside the auditory tube would be due to the firing of which nerve?

Answer 10

CN IX glossopharyngeal, via the tympanic n.

Question 11

Where does the cricoid cartilage end?

Answer 11

About C6 vertebra

Question 12

what is the primary joint for voclization?

Answer 12

The cricoarytenoid joint, between the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage.

Question 13

What is the false vocal cord called?

Answer 13

The vestibular fold

Question 14

Parasympathetic pathway of the supraglottic and infraglottic regions?

Answer 14

supraglottic: CN X internal laryngeal brr to the scattered laryngeal ganglia to post ganglionic fibers. Cause increase in mucus in upper larynx
Infraglottic: CN X recurrent laryngeal n to the scattered laryngeal ganglia to post ganglionic fibers. cause increase in mucus in lower larynx and trachea.

Question 15

Parasympathetic pathway of pharynx?

Answer 15

CN 10 pharyngeal branches to the scattered pharyngeal ganglia onto post ganglionic fibers. Increase in mucus in the pharynx.

Question 16

Sympathetic pathway of pharynx and larynx?

Answer 16

T1-T3 chord onto ventral anterior spinal nn to the superior cervical ganglion to post-ganglionic fibers on the pharyngeal and laryngeal branches causing a decrease in mucus.

Question 17

What is the rima glottidis?

Answer 17

The area between the vocal ligaments, doing down towards the lungs.

Question 18

Vocal ligaments go from?

Answer 18

Epiglottic cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage.

Question 19

What are the extrinsic laryngeal muscles?
Intrinsic?
actions?

Answer 19

Extrinsic:
Infrahyoid mm- depress larynx, decrease pitch
suprahyoid mm- increase pitch

Intrinsic:
cricothyroid m- increase pitch (rock n roll m)
transverse and oblique arytenoid mm- ADDuct the vocal cords.
posterior cricoarytenoid m- ABducts the vocal cords, opens airway.
vocalis m

Question 20

What muscle opens the airway, and is necessary to breathe? Is this abduction or adduction?

Answer 20

Posterior cricoarytenoid m, abducts the vocal cords.

Question 21

All internal laryngeal mm get motor innervation from? Exception?

Answer 21

CN X recurrent laryngeal br. Exception is cricothyroid m, which is CN X external laryngeal br of the superior laryngeal n.

Question 22

What does sensory in supraglottic region of larynx?

What about infraglottic?

Answer 22

CN X internal laryngeal n

CN X recurrent laryngeal n. (mechanoreceptors)

Question 23

CN X lesion, which way will uvula deviate?

Answer 23

away from lesion.