Chapter 9----Vascular System

Question 1

Which one of the following vascular structures courses between the aorta and SMA?

Answer 1

Left renal vein

(The left renal vein flows from the renal hilum, posterior to the SMA, and anterior to the aorta to enter the lateral wall of the IVC)

Question 2

Which one of the following vascular structures relates to the medial and posterior borders or to the pancreatic body and tail?

Answer 2

Splenic Vein

(The splenic vein passes anteriorly to the aorta and IVC and generally relates to the medial and posterior borders of the pancreatic body and tail)

Question 3

Which one of the following veins begins at the hilum of the spleen and is joined by the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vein?

Answer 3

Splenic Vein

(The splenic vein begins at the hilum of the spleen. It is subsequently joined by the short gastric and left gastroepiploic veins)

Question 4

Which one of the following vessels passes anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?

Answer 4

SMA

The superior mesenteric artery courses posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process

Question 5

Which vascular structure is used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk?

Answer 5

SMA

The superior mesenteric artery may be used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk.

Question 6

Budd-Chiari syndrome demonstrates thrombosis of the

Answer 6

Hepatic veins

Budd-Chiari–is rare, and 30% of patients with this syndrome are idiopathic. The presence of a “typical” blood flow in the hepatic veins permits the exclusion of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Question 7

In patients with lower trunk and leg edema and a dilated IVC, a(n) _______________ should be suspected.

Answer 7

Atrioventricular fistula

–may demonstrate clinical symptoms, including low back pain, abdominal pain, progressive cardiac decompensation, a pulsatile abdominal mass associated with a bruit, and the development of massive swelling of the lower trunk and lower extremities.

Question 8

Renal arteries branch from the lateral wall of the aorta

Answer 8

Inferior to the SMA

Question 9

The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via the:

Answer 9

cystic artery

Question 10

The clinical signs of leg edema, low back pain, pelvic pain, gastrointestinal complaints, and renal and liver problems may represent:

Answer 10

IVC thrombosis

Question 11

The distribution of the superior mesenteric artery is to the

Answer 11

Small intestine and the proximal half of colon

Question 12

The duodenum and parts of the stomach are supplied by the:

Answer 12

Gastroduodenal artery

Remember that the GDA is located in the anterolateral portion of the pancreatic head

Question 13

The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the:

Answer 13

Common hepatic artery

Question 14

The inferior mesenteric artery distributes blood to the:

Answer 14

Left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

Question 15

The IVC courses anteriorly to enter the

Answer 15

Right Atrium

(The IVC ascends vertically through the retroperitoneal space on the right side of the aorta, posterior to the liver, and pierces the central tendon of the diaphragm at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra to enter the right atrium of the heart)

Question 16

The most common cause of abdominal aneurysms is:

Answer 16

Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

Question 17

The most common tumor to fill the IVC is

Answer 17

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 18

The normal diameter of the aorta is less than ____millimeters (mm).

Answer 18

23

Question 19

The portal veins carry blood from the ______________ to the liver.

Answer 19

Intestinal tract

Question 20

The portal venous system receives blood from all of the following except the:

Answer 20

Kidneys

Question 21

The right renal artery passes_____ to the inferior vena cava (IVC)

Answer 21

Posterior

Question 22

The vessel that arises from the anterior aortic wall and takes a parallel course to the aorta is the:

Answer 22

SMA

(The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the celiac axis arise from the anterior aortic wall; of these, only the SMA takes a parallel course to the aorta)

Question 23

Which one of the following statements is false for a patient with renal vein thrombosis?

a. Loss of normal renal structure occurs.
b. Renal size increases in the acute phase.
c. Doppler flow increases.

Answer 23

Doppler Flow increases

Question 24

Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
Select one:
a. The portal vein enters the lesser omentum.
b. The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.
c. The portal vein drains blood out of the gastrointestinal tract.
d. The portal vein has an anastomosis with the esophageal veins, rectal venous plexus, and superficial abdominal veins.

Answer 24

The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.

Remember, the main portal vein is formed posterior to the pancreas