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AP World > Chapter 1-5 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-5 Flashcards

0
Q

Domestication

A

In the Neolithic age, there was the first domestication, which started w dogs/wolves

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1
Q

Stone Age

A
  • humans primarily used stones& sticks as tools

* end of this age= more efficient hunting, travel, improved tools

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2
Q

Role of women in Neolithic age

A

They most likely discovered farming/agriculture & was an accident, resulting from seed droppings

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3
Q

First agricultural transition

A

Nomads finally began to settle during the Neolithic age which led to the ability to maintain a farm and allow the goods to have time to grow

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4
Q

Common staple crop during prehistory era

A

?

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5
Q

Results of agriculture revolution

A

Discovery of beer- oldest recipe in the world, increase in population due to more access to food

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6
Q

Ancient sumer

A
  • first Mesopotamian city-state
  • used cuneiform
  • science-astronomy (calendars, forecasts, constellations)
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7
Q

Cuneiform

A

Wedge shaped writing, earliest form of writing (3500-3200 BCE)

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8
Q

Ziggurats

A

(People in ancient sumer?) 1st monumental architecture, pyramid temples, polytheism

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9
Q

Tigris & Euphrates

A

Swift & unpredictable floods, in Mesopotamia

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10
Q

Fertile Crescent/Mesopotamia

A

Mesopotamia was known as the “fertile crescent” because it was the land between two plentiful rivers

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11
Q

Hammurabi’s code

A

Written set of laws
•identification of 3 social classes
•laws not = for social classes

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12
Q

Nile river

A

Floods ONCE a year, easy irrigation, in Egypt. Very dependable and helpful->Egypt more advanced than meso bc they don’t have to keep starting over their agriculture

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13
Q

Women in Egypt

A 
Women were given rights:
•served as fill-ins for young rulers
•priestesses & scribes
•managed household finances & eduction of children
•right to divorce
•could own property
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14
Q

Egyptian developments

A 
•pyramids 
•trade w Mesopotamia
•hieroglyphics
•papyrus
•Rosetta stone to figure out Lang
•calendar
•(polytheists)-mummification & book of the dead 
•
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15
Q

Jean Champollion & Rosetta Stone

A

Jean deciphered the stone
It was found in the 1800s
Had same inscription w 3 languages (hieroglyphics, demotic, & greek)

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16
Q

Harappa & mohenjo-daro

A

Twin capitals in the Indus Valley. They were extremely organised in city pattern, same form of government, the cities were both organised to catch wind & air condition, & had plumbing

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17
Q

Chinese crops

A

?

Rice bronze oracle bones

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18
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

In Yellow Valley, if leader is governed wisely and fairly, he could claim right to Devine rule

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19
Q

Neolithic agricultural revolution dates

A

10,000-4,000 BCE

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20
Q

River Valley Accomplishments

A

1) Monuments
2) Wheel
3) Taming of horse
4) Square roots
5) Monarchies/bureaucracies
6) Calendars/time

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21
Q

Egypt v Mesopotamia

A

Egypt was much more advanced because they didn’t have to start agriculture repeatedly after floods due to the consistent floods of the Nile in comparison to the Tigris&Euphrates

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22
Q

Ancient Egyptian Government

A

King Menes united upper & lower Egypt, there were also pharaohs and vizier

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23
Q

Torah

A

Hebrew bible from Abraham

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24
Q

Judaism Tenets

A

The 10 commandments created by Moses

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25
Q

David

A

David, after the rule of Saul, unified the monarchy (1000-960)

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26
Q

Solomon

A

David’s son, high point of Israelite monarchy, build first temple

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27
Q

Moses

A

Leads Jews out of captivity (from Egyptians) & created 10 commandments (tenets of Judaism)

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28
Q

Zhou - religion & state separation

A

Religion- Confucianism v legalism
Government- Confucians believe: modest leader, respect, govt maintain order. Legalists believe: govt rule by force, strong arm, military & farming

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29
Q

Qin standardisation

A

Innovation of coins weights measures

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30
Q

Han reforms of Legalism

A

?

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31
Q

Important Han innovations

A

Ox drawn plow/collar for animals, iron mining, water power mills, brush pen & paper

32
Q

Varna system

A

Aka caste system
Regulated Indian life
Paralleled Hinduism
Social organisation (move up in caste per life & at top go to moksha)

33
Q

Underlying message of reincarnation

A

Good v evil, bag goes down a level and good goes up (caste)

34
Q

Gupta trade

A

Idk about trade but in math they developed the concepts of 0, neg #, pi, square roots, chess, dec system. & science learned to inoculate smallpox & sterilise & set bones

35
Q

Chandragupta Maurya

A

Founder of the Maurya dynasty & united subcontinent of India

36
Q

Ashoka

A

Grandson of Chandragupta, leader of Maurya dynasty, extended empire gaining almost all of India except southern tip. Influenced by Buddhism leading him to create the Rock & Pillar Edicts

37
Q

Rock & pillar Edicts

A

Created by Ashoka after conversion to Buddhism

38
Q

Gupta dates

A

320-550 CE

39
Q

Hinduism

A

Religion belief in moksha & reincarnation & caste system
Karma dharma
India

40
Q

Rig-Veda

A

Main Veda and contains hymns and stories

41
Q

Manhabharata

A

?

42
Q

Moksha

A

Goal in Hindu life, to be released from the cycle of rebirth

43
Q

Siddhartha Guatama

A 
Aka Buddha
Born prince
Hindu
Changed some beliefs after years of starving and finding himself & the answers 
Proch (preached)
44
Q

4 Nobel truths

A

Fundamental structure of Buddhism;

  • life is inseparable from suffering
  • the cause of suffer is desire
  • stop suffer stop want
  • extinguish desire w 8 fold path
45
Q

Nirvana

A

Afterlife, state of peace, can be achieved in one lifetime, in Buddhism

46
Q

Theravada Buddhism

A

S&SE Asia
Closer to spirit of Buddha teaching
Stricter
Buddha was not god

47
Q

Mahayana Buddhism

A 
More elaborate, complicated, ritual
Buddha is god
Needs priests & scriptures
Erected stupas
Spread to Japan, Korea, Tibet, parts of china
48
Q

Spreading of Buddhism

A

Mahayana went to Japan, Korea, Tibet, and parts of china

Theravada was is S & SE Asia

49
Q

Similarities did Hindu and Buddhism

A

State of peaceful afterlife (ultimate goal) & reincarnation

50
Q

Gupta math

A

Pi, 0, square roots, neg numbers, decimal system, chess

51
Q

Confucius

A

Wrote analects, secular (on earth) views, not religious

52
Q

Analects

A

Confucius teachings in a book

53
Q

Confucianism characteristics

A 
5 relationships
Respect for superiors (filio palyl) 
Leaders behave modestly
Government maintain order
Golden rule
54
Q

Legalism

A 
Rule govt by force
Human nature evil needs restraint 
Confucian facade + legalist strong arm tactics
Practical benefits for society
2 worthy profession: farming & military
55
Q

Qin dynasty

A 
Chinas namesake 
Brutal leader
Extended territory south
Built Great Wall
Burned books & attacked culture
Legalism
Officials selected from non-aristocratic groups
#1 prob- floods
Innovations:
National census
Uniform written Lang
Standardisation
Irrigation
56
Q

Shi huangdi

A

1st emperor, brutal leader of Qin

57
Q

Han characteristics

A 
Unify china
Reestablish Confucian philosophy
Expanded to Central Asia Korea Indochina 
High taxes 
Buddhism spread
Bureaucracy 
3 kingdoms  
Civil service exam to enter govt
58
Q

Silk Road trade

A 
Luxury items (silk jewellery furniture) traded by hand carried by merchants 
Trade amongst many countries 
Land
West china, Central Asia, med. area
Towns 
Many routes
59
Q

Indian Ocean trade

A

Water routes

Africa, mid. East, India/s Asia

60
Q

Geography of Persia

A

Desert

61
Q

Satraps

A

Governor that governed one of 20 provinces
Often members of the royal dynasty by birth/marriage
Collect tribute

62
Q

Greek dark ages dates

A

????

1100-700 BCE??

63
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Greek born conquerer
13 years
Much success
Taught by Aristotle

64
Q

Pelopennesian war

A 
Sparta v. Athens 
Weakened Greece
Plundered resources
No real "winner" for Greece 
Technical winner were Spartans w help from Persia
65
Q

476 CE

A

Gradual fall of the Roman Empire until this year when invaders took over

66
Q

Greek trade

A

Olives & wine

67
Q

Jesus

A

Purify Judaism
Place god above all
Killed bc Roman Empire says nothin goes above the empire

68
Q

Christianity

A

New religion for those following Jesus

69
Q

Paul

A

Roman citizen lived in Greece
Spread Christianity after “seeing” & never meeting Jesus
Adapts Christianity to meet needs of people
Early missionary

70
Q

Augustus Caesar

A

Rules roman republic from 31-14 BCE
Re organises roman republic
Starts roman peace —golden age

71
Q

12 tables

A

Laws in Rome

450 BCE

72
Q

Roman economy failure

A

After roman peace, gradual fall & economic deterioration (180-476 CE)
Pop loss
Gov less effective
UNABLE TO WILLINGLY TAKE OVER MORE LAND TO FINANCE EMPIRE (taxes)

73
Q

Hellenistic age

A

323-30 BCE

Northeastern Africa and western Asia : powerfully influenced by Greek culture

74
Q

Greek geography

A

Mountains

::city states

75
Q

Punic wars 264 BCE

A 
3
Rome v Carthage 
Rome victorious 1&2
(Won Sicily & Spain)
Obliterated Carthage
76
Q

Zoroaster

A 
God of Zoroastrianism (monotheistic) 
Persia
Great ancient religion
Battle between good & evil
Priests-magi
No animal sacrifice
Started w upper class and spread to everyone
77
Q

Phoenicians

A

?

AP World (2 decks)

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