Enlightenment Units 1-4

Question 0

Why might historians come to different interpretations about the same historic events?

Answer 0

• Different evidence

* Different sources (P or S)

Question 1

What geographic factors influenced the diffusion of Enlightenment ideas?

Answer 1

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Question 2

Why should all societies live under a social contract?

Answer 2

• There’s an agreement between the people & the government, in which the people give up state of nature for organized society

Question 3

Why & How did new “Enlightened” ideas come about?

Answer 3

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Question 4

How did accessibility & hierarchy lead to the diffusion of enlightened ideas?

Answer 4

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Question 5

How might enlightened ideas spark revolutionary movements?

Answer 5

People started thinking for themselves

Question 6

Why might historians come to different conclusions about the influence that the enlightenment had on society, government and economics?

Answer 6

• Different perspectives

* Different sources/evidence

Question 7

Social Contract

Answer 7

An agreement by which people give up the state of nature for an organized society

Question 8

Human Rights

Answer 8

Fundamental rights belonging to an individual and in whose exercise a government may not interfere

Question 9

State of Nature

Answer 9

How people would behave if left unchecked by an organized society

Question 10

Renaissance

Answer 10

A time of rebirth of learning, particularly the ideas of the Ancient Greeks and Romans, which had been lost to Europeans in the chaos of the early Middle Ages

Question 11

Enlightenment

Answer 11

A philosophical movement of the 18th century, characterized by belief in the power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious and educational doctrine

Question 12

Reformation

Answer 12

The religious movement in the 16th century that’s objective was the reformation of the Catholic Church

Question 13

Humanism

Answer 13

A way of thinking about people and their place in the world

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

How people or things move in certain directions at certain speeds

Question 15

Hierarchy

Answer 15

any system of persons or things ranked one above another.

Question 16

Accessibility

Answer 16

that can be used, entered, reached, etc.: an accessible road; accessible ruins.

Question 17

Free Market

Answer 17

an economic system in which prices and wages are determined by unrestricted competition between businesses, without government regulation or fear of monopolies.

Question 18

Salons

Answer 18

an assembly of guests in such a room, especially an assembly, common during the 17th and 18th centuries, consisting of the leaders in society, art, politics, etc.

Question 19

Primary Source

Answer 19

first in time; earliest; primitive source of information

Question 20

Secondary Source

Answer 20

next after the first in order, place, time etc. source of information

Question 21

Interpretation

Answer 21

Conclusions influenced by personal opinions

Question 22

Point of View

Answer 22

Personal influences such as nationality, race, gender, age & personal background

Question 23

Perspective

Answer 23

The time period on which a person lives and writes

Question 24

Divine Rights Theory

Answer 24

The theory that monarchs receive their power from God and consequently should not be questioned or disobeyed

Question 25

Why might philosophers challenge the Divine Rights Theory?

Answer 25

The people read The Bible for themselves

Question 26

Absolute Monarch/Absolutism

Answer 26

Ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs. Ex: Louis XIV (France), Hapsburg family (Marie Antoinnettes mother)

Question 27

Why did Humanism & The Renaissance begin in Florence, Italy?

Answer 27

• In the center of the Roman Empire
• Cities survived the Middle Ages
• Wealthy & powerful merchant classes further prompted the cultural rebirth

Question 28

How might the physical geography of Italy influence the diffusion of Renaissance ideas?

Answer 28

The Alps & mountains within Italy limited accessibility by land, so the diffusion of ideas took place by sea

Question 29

What were the 3 effects of the printing revolution?

Answer 29

1. Made book production easier
2. More people learned to read/Literacy rate increased
3. Readers gained access to a broad range of knowledge

Question 30

Indulgence

Answer 30

A lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory

Question 31

95 Thesis

Answer 31

Arguments against indulgences

Question 32

How did Luther gain wide-spread support?

Answer 32

The movable type helped diffuse the 95 Theses throughout Europe. This caused people to read The Bible for themselves & questioning the actions of The Catholic Church

Question 33

How did the Reformation reflect humanist ideas?

Answer 33

People started thinking for themselves

Question 34

How did the architecture of the Medieval era & The Renaissance differ?

Answer 34

Medieval Era: protection

Renaissance: Beauty & Comfort

Question 35

How did the Astronomy in the Medieval Era & The Renaissance differ?

Answer 35

Medieval Era: The Earth was in the middle of the universe
Renaissance: (Copernicus) The orbit of the Earth revolves around the Sun. (Galileo) Proved the Earth revolves around the Sun with the telescope

Question 36

How did the books in the Medieval Eea & The Renaissance differ?

Answer 36

Medieval Era: Books hand written, mostly religious and Latin

The Renaissance: Johannes Gutenburg invents the movable type

Question 37

How does the religion on the Medieval Era & The Renaissance differ?

Answer 37

Medieval Era: The Catholic Church is the only church

The Renaissance: Martin Luther posts 95 Theses & begins the Protestant Church

Question 38

How did the explorations in the Medieval Era & The Renaissance differ?

Answer 38

Medieval Era: Prince Henry of Portugal collected information about stars, oceans, etc.
The Renaissance: Christopher Columbus discovered North & South America while on 3rd voyage

Question 39

How do you think the Renaissance may have been different from the Middle Ages?

Answer 39

Humanists focused their writing, art, and thinking on people & their achievements. While people on the Middle Ages everything in people’s lives centered on the Church, religion, & the “hereafter”.