Test 1

Question 1

Military

Answer 1

A formally organized entity or set of entities responsive to the government leaders heading a nations state and whose functions concern the use of arms to defend that nation state or to further its policies in its relations with other nation states or large collective entities

Question 2

Institutional

Answer 2

a military primarily oriented by its traditions patriotic values and sense of community

Question 3

Occupational

Answer 3

a military primarily oriented towards the “economic man” and general business principles

Question 4

• Warrior Spirit/Military Ethos

Answer 4

• The questions for the profession concerning what it means to be a military person in a given time and society, what the profession stands for.

Question 5

• Individualistic v. Collectivistic Orientation

Answer 5

Durkeinm 1949 “ Societies characters by low populations density and little division of labor are held together by the moral consensus of the mechanical solidarity”
- “ Increased societal complexity, population growth, and DOL lead to increased individualism and a need to replace the moral consensus with more organic forms of solidarity.”

Question 6

• Gemeinscht

Answer 6

Primary group relationships predominate; individuals bear strong allegiances to their group; and the groups exert strong social control over members, often limiting individual freedom and achievement

Question 7

• Gesellschaft

Answer 7

provide individuals with greater opportunities for self-actualization, but they also make belongingness more problematic
- Dual loyalties, duel objectives

Question 8

Total Institutions:

Answer 8

a great number of similarity situated people, cut off from the wider community for a considerable time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered round of life.

Question 9

• Clifton Bryant (1879) says that crimes committed within the military community can be classified as one of three types

Answer 9

• Crimes against Property
• Crimes against Persons
• Crimes against Performance-

Question 10

• Intra-Occupational:

Answer 10

Both the perpetrator and the victim of the criminal act are members of the military community

Question 11

• Extra –Occupational

Answer 11

The perpetrator of the criminal act is a member of the military, but the victim is a civilian

Question 12

Inter- Occupational:

Answer 12

Both the perpetrator and the victim of the criminal act are members of the military community, but the perp is single individual, and the victim is “big” military

1. US Military /Foreign Friendly Military as a whole as the victim
2. Foreign Enemy Military as the victim

Question 13

The facilitation of Khaki-Collar Crime

Answer 13

1. population
2. stressful life
3. opportunity structure
4. Military culture
5. military socilazation
6. official toleration o fmilitary deviance
7. Subversion of military training

Question 14

Informal military workplace culture

Answer 14

what individual member of the military advocate/sanction

Question 15

2. Formal military workplace culture

Answer 15

what big military advocated/sanctions

Question 16

1. Manifest Cultural Image

Answer 16

what is intended to happen within the culture

Question 17

2. Latent Cultural Image

Answer 17

what actually happens within the culture

Question 18

Social Bond Theory

Answer 18

hischi- 1. Attachment- to families and peer groups
- The individual doesn’t act out because they don’t want to disappoint their fellow group members
2. Commitment- To the social norms, laws. You believe in the system and believe that consequences will be levied should you step out of place (deterrence.)
3. Investment- the amount of time you have put in to your position within the group. Essentially, you have invested x so you ar not willing to behave in a way that results in you losing your investment.
- Also, the idea is that if you are busy putting in time/effort them you are not left idle to go commit crime
4. Belief- we tend to go along with the beliefs that the groups we belong to have and its difficult to deviate
• The degree to which one adheres to the values associated with behaviors that conform to the law
• The assumption being that the more important such values are to a person, the less likely he or she is to engage in criminal behavior.

Question 19

Relative Deprivation

Answer 19

It is the idea that the individual, examining their surroundings, comes to the conclusion that they are part of the “have-nots” and as a result decide that they need to take whatever they want by whatever means necessary and this results in crime

1. Street crimes
2. Gangs
3. Crimes against institutions
4. Terrorism

Question 20

Strain Theory

Answer 20

• Closely tied to relative deprivation
• When individuals cannot obtain success goals (money, status), they experience strain or pressure (anger/frustration) which can lead to criminal behavior
• The strains leading to crime, however, may not only be linked to goal blockage but also to presentation of noxious stimuli and taking away the valued stimuli

Question 21

Social Disorganization

Answer 21

• Crimes/deviance occur when the social structures break down and subcultures form
• In traditional criminology this means that traditional institutions fail to control the behaviors of individual. They then invest themselves in subcultures and crime ensues because the individuals allegiance is to the subculture and goals of the subculture are in direct contrast with the goals of larger society

Question 22

Collective Efficacy

Answer 22

• CE says that crime ensues when the members of a community fail to come together in the pursuit of a common goal.
• If the goal is to live in a crime free neighborhood, residents would organize neighborhood watches and meetings, back candidates who are tough on crime, motivate the police to increase patrols in their area…
• BUT if the members of the community can’t come together and they pursue their own individual wants then crime occurs

Question 23

Broken Windows Theory

Answer 23

IF YOU DON’T TKE CARE OF YOUR HOUSE IT HAS 3 EFFECTS

1. People don’t respect your house
2. People don’t respect you as an individual
3. People start losing respect for your neighborhood as a whole and this results in loss of collective efficacy

Question 24

Criminogenic Place Debate

Answer 24

1. Drawing on BWT, the question arises, is it the house building with graffiti that causes crime and deviance or does crime cause disorder
2. Does a bar cause deviance and crime around it, or is the bar simply attracting criminals
3. Same question for military bases….
4. Is there a connection between physical order and orderly behavior?