Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the dimensions of privilege?

A

wealth, social power, social status/prestige

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Stratification

A

Perpetuation of privilege across generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Wealth

A

Value of everything you own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Income

A

What you make

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Social power

A

Ability of groups to influence things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why don’t those with less just take more?

A

Coercion (army)

Ideology of inequality making it “fair” (more stable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ideology

A

Belief system that supports the status quo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inequality

A

Unequal shares; mathematical judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inequity

A

Unfair shares; social judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does inequality exist? Functionalist theory

A

Serves purpose; some activists more important/need more skill; upper class needed for cohesion; inequality motivates people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Problems with functionalist theory of inequality

A

Doesn’t address intergenerational/privilege or how much inequality is necessary and ignores negative effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Power theories of inequality

A

Competition and conflict- power elites shape an inequality society in their favor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the systems of inequality?

A

Estate- land ownership
Caste- born into
Clan- families have privilege
Social class- individual capitalism; mobility varies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Marx theory

A

Workers relationship to means of production in a transition from feudalism to capitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Weber’s critique of Marx

A

Too much emphasis on economics and wealth; too little emphasis on social prestige and power (MLK)
3 dimensions: class, status, power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Global stratification

A

Capitalist world order since 1600 but increases now because of development dependence and neocolonialism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ways to measure social class

A

Subjective- ask people where they belong
Reputational- what family is most prominent
Objective- measure income, education, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Marxian social class scheme

A

Based on ownership not wealth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Erik wrights elaboration of Marx

A

Capitalists
Pretty bourgeousie
Managers
Proletariat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dennis Gilbert & Joseph Kahl

A 
Capitalist (old money, new money)
Upper middle income
Lower middle income
Working class
Working poor
Underclass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lifestyle

A

Quality of life (car, school, food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Life chances

A

Probability of child death, life expectancy, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Poverty line

A

Amount of money needed for basic needs (food x 3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

American ideology of poverty vs reality

A

Rags to riches & unlimited opportunity; meritocracy

Reality: limited mobility, increased inequality, decreasing middle class & discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why was there no sense of impoverishment?

A

Credit card debt; $179 in 1968, $9099 in 2012; forestalls the notion of a bad economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Causes of poverty

A

Demand-side: strength of economy, globalization, wage levels, technology substitutes
Supply side: family structure, individual decisions, skill mismatch, culture of poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Culture of poverty

A

People like being poor, absence of work value, stay in impoverished area, too many kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Life course

A

Connection between people’s personal attributes, roles, life events and the social/historical aspects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Age is what type of status?

A

Transitional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Birth cohorts

A

Born in same group of years with similar historical effects

30
Q

Stages of life course

A

Infancy- dependency
Childhood- initial identity
Adolescence- new in history, form identify, ambiguous/delayed now
Adulthood- new roles/expectations; completion now takes longer
Old age- relative

31
Q

Anticipatory socialization

A

Learning new roles you expect to enter

32
Q

Death trajectories

A

Crash and burn or slow and painful

33
Q

Why is society aging?

A

Riding survival rates lead to longevity

Declining fertility rates

34
Q

Effects of an aging population

A

Stress on medical institutions
Stress on insurance
Declining consumer spending
Expanding death industry

35
Q

Age stereotypes

A

Preconceived judgments about what different age groups are like

36
Q

Age prejudice

A

Negative attitude about an age generalized to the whole group

37
Q

Age discrimination

A

Different and unequal treatment based on age

38
Q

Ageism

A

Institutionalized age prejudice and discrimination (resource distribution, devalued, care inadequate)

39
Q

Sex

A

Biological identity

40
Q

Gender

A

Socially learned- system creates categories

41
Q

Biological determinism

A

Attribute complex social phenomena to physical characteristics (men aggressive because testosterone)

42
Q

Intersexed

A

Irregularities in chromosome formation leads to mixed sexual characteristics

43
Q

Transgender

A

Live as different gender

44
Q

Gender socialization

A

Learn expectations associated with a gender

45
Q

Gender identiy

A

Ones definition as a man or woman

46
Q

Sources of gender socialization

A

Parents, peers, play, schools, religion, media

47
Q

Prices of gender conformity

A

Violence against women, body image issues, men can’t have emotion

48
Q

Gendered institutions

A

Structure social institutions- expectations, relationships, etc

49
Q

Gender stratification

A

Hierarchical distribution of social and economic resources according to gender

50
Q

Where is gender inequality found?

A

Healthcare
In the home- women do more work
In the workplace- less access to jobs, mobility, wages
In school- stem pathway for men

51
Q

Why is there an income gap?

A

Human capital theory- result of individual characteristics; women have weak attachment to labor force and invest less time because of children
Discrimination- restricts women, unequal pay for equal work, glass ceiling
Dual labor market- more women in informal sector
Gender segregation- different occupational categories

52
Q

Minority group

A

Unequal treatment, identifying characteristics, primarily ascribed, group consciousness

53
Q

Dominant group

A

Assigns minority group

54
Q

Endogamy

A

Marriage within minority group

55
Q

Ethnic group

A

Social category of people who share a common culture and develops because of unique historical and social experiences

56
Q

Race

A

Socially constructed group treated differently because of certain characteristics

57
Q

Racialization

A

Social category takes on racial characteristics (Jews)

58
Q

Racial formation

A

Process by which group is defined as a race

59
Q

Societal reactions to minority group

A 
Extermination
Expulsion
Segregation
Assimilation
Fusion
60
Q

Prejudice

A

An attribute, evaluation of a social group based on conceptions held

61
Q

Discrimination

A

A behavior; overt negative and unequal treatment (residential segregation, digital racial divide)

62
Q

Racism

A

Institutionalized treatment of group as inferior and superior life chances/life styles for dominant group

63
Q

Racist

A

Believes in racism

64
Q

Bigot

A

Strong negative feelings to different race

65
Q

Old fashioned racism

A

Overt

66
Q

Aversive racism

A

Subtle

67
Q

Laissez-faire (symbolic) racism

A

Subtle but persistent; media, blame, resist meaningful policies

68
Q

Color blind racism

A

Ignore race, hides white privilege- not actually a level playing field

69
Q

Mertons table

A

Non-prejudice, non discriminatory= all weather liberal
Prejudice, non discriminatory= timid bigot
Non-prejudice, discriminatory= reluctant liberal
Prejudice, discriminatory= all weather bigot

70
Q

Reasons for discrimination

A

Economic gain (slave trade)
Social status gain
Psychological gain (scapegoat)
Authoritarian personality- oversimplifies minorities

71
Q

Social ideologies to reduce discrimination

A 
Functionalist-must assimilate to culture
Symbolic interaction- contact theory- equal and sustained interactions will reduce prejudice
Conflict theory- class conflict is inherent- reduce that to reduce racial conflict
72
Q

De jure

A

By law

73
Q

De facto

A

By custom

Sociology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions