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AG > Unit 3 Key Terms > Flashcards

Unit 3 Key Terms Flashcards

0
Q

A phylum or division of the animal kingdom; includes insects, spiders, and Crustacea; characterized by a coating which serves as an external skeleton and by legs with distinct movable segments or joints.

A

Arthropod

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1
Q

Single-celled microorganisms; some cause human, animal, or plant diseases; others are beneficial.

A

Bacteria

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2
Q

To gather or collect.

A

Accumulation

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3
Q

Unweathered hard rock that lies directly beneath the soil layers or beneath superficial geological deposits, such as glacial drift.

A

Bedrock

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4
Q

The group of processes whereby earthy or rock material is worn away, loosened or dissolved and removed from any part of the earth’s surface.

A

Erosion

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5
Q

The addition of sediment, as by flowing water.

A

Deposition

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6
Q

A layer of soil, approximately parallel to the surface, having distinct characteristics produced by soil-forming processes.

A

Horizon

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7
Q

Any vegetation that grows close to the ground, producing protection for the soil.

A

Ground Cover

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8
Q

An organism so small that it cannot be seen clearly without the use of a microscope; a microscopic or submicroscopic organism.

A

Microorganism

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9
Q

The removal of soluble constituents from soils or other materials by percolating water.

A

Leaching

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10
Q

The artificial application of water to soil for the purpose of increasing plant production.

A

Irrigation

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11
Q

Matter found in, or produced by, living animals and plants, which contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and often nitrogen and sulfur.

A

Organic Matter

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12
Q

Microscopic, wormlike, transparent organisms that can attack plant roots or stems to cause stunted or unhealthy growth.

A

Nematodes

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13
Q

Color difference on a mass of moderately poorly drained soil.

A

Mottle

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14
Q

The horizon of weathered rock or partially weathered soil material from which the soil is formed.

A

Parent Material

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15
Q

Refers to the extent of voids or openings in the soil that exist between soil particles and soil peds or clods. These pores hold water and air for absorption by plant roots.

A

Porosity

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16
Q

The relative proportion in a soil of the various size groups of individual soil grains.

A

Soil Texture

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17
Q

The mineral and organic surface of the earth capable of supporting upland plants. It has been (and is being) formed by the active factors of climate and biosphere exerting their influence on passive parent material and topography over neutral time.

A

Soil

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18
Q

To move or transfer from one place to another; cause to change location; displace.

A

Translocation

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19
Q

Change in form, appearance, nature, or character.

A

Transformation

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20
Q

Slope of the land and the position on the landscape, such as the top of a hill, a hillside, or the foot of a slope.

A

Topography

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21
Q

Atmospheric action on rock surfaces producing decomposition, disintegration, or alteration of rocks at or close to the earth’s surface.

A

Weathering

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22
Q

Soil that consists of less than 52 percent sand, 28 to 50 percent silt, and 7 to 27 percent clay, resulting in a soil texture ideal for gardening.

A

Loam

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23
Q

The relative degree of downward movement of water in a soil. Also called permeability.

A

Internal Drainage

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24
Q

In soil science, a group of textural classes in which the particles are finer than gravel but coarser than silt, ranging in size from 2.00 to 0.5 millimeters in diameter. It is the textural class of any soil that contains 85 percent or more of sand and not more than 10 percent of clay.

A

Sand

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25
Q

The capacity of soil or rock for transmitting a fluid. Degree of permeability depends upon the size and shape of the pores, the size, and shape of their interconnections, and the extent of the latter.

A

Permeability

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26
Q

A unit of soil structure such as an aggregate, crumb, prism, block, or granule, formed by natural processes (in contrast with a clod, which is formed artificially by compression of a wet clay soil).

A

Ped

27
Q

A textural class of soils that contains 80 percent or more of silt and less than 12 percent clay

A

Silt

28
Q

The arrangement of primary soil particles into compound particles or aggregates that are separated from adjoining aggregates.

A

Soil Structure

29
Q

A vertical section of a soil. The section, or face of an exposure made by a cut, may exhibit with depth a succession of separate layers although these may not be separated by sharp lines of demarcation.

A

Soil Profile

30
Q

A substance which gives off hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water, as contrasted with an acid, which gives off hydrogen ions.

A

Base

31
Q

A chemical term referring to basic reaction where the pH reading is above 7, as distinguished from acidic reaction where the pH reading is below 7.

A

Alkaline

32
Q

A substance containing hydrogen that dissociates to form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Term applied to any substance with a pH less than 7.0.

A

Acid

33
Q

A mineral calcium sulfate, combined with water of hydration. In arid regions, large tonnages are used to treat sodic soils.

A

Gypsum

34
Q

To supply the necessary mineral and organic nutrients to soil or water to aid the growth and development of plants.

A

Fertilize

35
Q

The property or power of conducting heat, electricity, or sound.

A

Conductivity

36
Q

An atom or a group of atoms carrying an electrical charge, which may be positive or negative.

A

Ion

37
Q

The ion OH-.

A

Hydroxyl

38
Q

A colorless, odorless, flammable gas, the lightest of the elements, that combines chemically with oxygen to form water.

A

Hydrogen

39
Q

Strictly, calcium oxide, CaO, but, as commonly used in agricultural terminology, calcium carbonate, CaCO3, and calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, are included. Agricultural lime refers to any of these compounds, with or without magnesium carbonate, which are used as amendments chiefly for acid soils.

A

Lime

40
Q

The artificial application of water to soil for the purpose of increasing plant production.

A

Irrigation

41
Q

A numerical measure of acidity or hydrogen ion activity of a substance such as food or soil. The neutral point is pH 7.0. All pH values below 7.0 are acid and all above 7.0 are alkaline.

A

pH

42
Q

An element or compound in a soil that is essential for the growth of a plant.

A

Nutrient

43
Q

A soil with an exchangeable sodium percentage of 15 percent or greater and a pH between 9.5 and 10.0.

A

Sodic Soil

44
Q

The quantity of saltiness in seawater or freshwater, most commonly expressed in parts of dissolved salt per 1,000 parts of water.

A

Salinity

45
Q

A soil containing soluble salts in such quantities that they interfere with the growth of most crop plants.

A

Saline Soil

46
Q

A system for the measurement of volume or space in cubic units.

A

Cubic Measurement

47
Q

The exterior of a woody stem containing phloem tubes and usually some bast fibers.

A

Bark

48
Q

The process by which air in the soil is replenished by air from the atmosphere.

A

Aeration

49
Q

Any organic or inorganic material added to soil or water to provide plant nutrients and to increase the growth, yield, quantity, or nutritive value to the plants grown therein.

A

Fertilizer

50
Q

The removal of surplus ground or surface water by artificial means.

A

Drainage

51
Q

Fibrous, partly decayed fragments of vascular plants that retain enough structure so that the peat can be identified as originating from certain plants (e.g., sphagnum peat or sedge peat).

A

Peat

52
Q

A mineral, or minerals, classified with the micas, which with treatment at high temperatures, expands into scales, and becomes a loose, absorbent mass.

A

Vermiculite

53
Q

A porous or spongy form of volcanic glass.

A

Pumice

54
Q

A hydroponic system that uses a media to absorb the nutrient solution and hold it for the plant.

A

Aggregate Culture

55
Q

A system of hydroponics that involves misting of the roots with a nutrient solution.

A

Aeroponics

56
Q

Measure of hydrogen ions in a solution.

A

Acidity

57
Q

The amount of oxygen found in water or solution.

A

Dissolved Oxygen

58
Q

An electronic device used to measure the electrical conductivity.

A

Conductivity Tester

59
Q

Growing plants in a nutrient solution and a media other than soil.

A

Hydroponics

60
Q

A measurement in hydroponics used to determine the amount of nutrient in solution that is available to a plant.

A

Electrical Conductivity

61
Q

A popular water culture technique where the nutrient solution is continuously flowing at the tips of the plants roots set in a medium.

A

Nutrient Flow Technique

62
Q

Having neither acid nor alkaline qualities, pH of 7.

A

Neutral

63
Q

Fibers made of natural or synthetic minerals used as a media for growing plants in a hydroponic system.

A

Rockwool

64
Q

A volcanic glass having numerous concentric cracks that give rise to perlitic structure. Used in greenhouses as a synthetic soil mix.

A

Perlite

65
Q

A hydroponic system where the roots are in constant contact with the nutrient solution where the media may not be as absorbent.

A

Water Culture

AG (11 decks)

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