Periodontal Disease and Stomatitis

Question 1

What is the primary cause of periodontal disease?

Answer 1

The presence of plaque bacteria and their toxic by products

Question 2

Why are antibiotics fairly useless when treating periodontal disease?

Answer 2

The bacteria that cause it are present in plaque which is essentially a biofilm

Question 3

What is calculus? Is it required for there to be periodontal disease?

Answer 3

Calculus is mineralized plaque (‘tartar’). It is almost always present where there is periodontal disease, however, if it is not present it does not mean that there is no periodontal disease.

Question 4

What is the normal gingival sulcus depth in dogs?

Answer 4

1-3mm

Question 5

Describe the staging scale for periodontal disease.

Answer 5

0 = none present
1 = gingivitis with no attachment loss
2 = mild periodontitis with mild attachment loss (50% attachment loss

Question 6

How can stage 1 periodontitis be reversed?

Answer 6

Scaling, cleaning and regular oral care

Question 7

How do bacterial populations change with progression of periodontal disease?

Answer 7

Gram positive to gram negative obligate anaerobes as 02 saturation in the plaque decreases

Question 8

What causes tissue destruction in periodontal disease?

Answer 8

the tissues immune response

Question 9

What systemic diseases is periodontal disease associated with?

Answer 9

Increased system inflammatory factors
Myocardial disease
Renal disease
Hepatitis

Question 10

What are the different mobility stages?

Answer 10

1 - up to 0.5mm

2 - >0.5 1mm excursions

Question 11

What should be assessed next if an incisor has mobility stage 2?

Answer 11

Whether there is gingival recession or pocket formation - if there is then extract. If not then don’t extract, some mobility in these teeth is normal

Question 12

What is a furcation?

Answer 12

A space under the tooth, these can be partial or a probe may go all the way under a tooth.

Question 13

How is periodontal disease treated?

Answer 13

Extractions
Scaling and Polishing
Prevention/home care
advanced treatments

Question 14

What may happen as a consequence of an ornasal fistula?

Answer 14

Food may enter the nasal cavity

Question 15

What is an important reason to take a radiograph prior to performing extractions when periodontal disease is advanced?

Answer 15

Will be able to warn the owner that there is a risk of jaw fracture.

Question 16

What is stomatitis?

Answer 16

Inflammation that extends beyond the mucogingival junction

Question 17

What needs to be done if oral ulceration is discovered?

Answer 17

Be extra aggressive with extraction