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The Big Picture > Globalization - a boon or a bane ? > Flashcards

Globalization - a boon or a bane ? Flashcards

1
Q

What is a global village ?

A

It is a phrase coined by Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian philosopher, to describe the way the globe has become a village as a result of the instantaneous movement of information. McLuhan thought that the enhanced speed news very rapidly leads them to become more involved with one another wherever they are.

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2
Q

une expression inventée par…

A

a phrase coined by…

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3
Q

une frontière

A

a border, a frontier

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4
Q

un monde sans frontière

A

a borderless world

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5
Q

l’économie mondiale

A

the global economy

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6
Q

What is the World Trade Organization (or WTO ; in French, “OMC”) ?

A

It is an international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization was officially created on 1 January 1995, succeeding the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It deals with the regulation of trade between its 153 members.

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7
Q

le commerce, les échanges

A

trade

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8
Q

le commerce extérieur

A

overseas trade

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9
Q

le libre-échange

A

free trade

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10
Q

un partisan du libre-échange

A

a free trader

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11
Q

l’économie de marché

A

the free market, free-market economy

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12
Q

un partisan du libéralisme

A

a free-marketeer

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13
Q

le libéralisme

A

liberalism

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14
Q

la libéralisation des échanges

A

the liberalisation of trade

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15
Q

la déréglementation

A

deregulation

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16
Q

déréglementer le transport aérien

A

to deregulation the airline industry

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17
Q

Do you know what is The World Is Flat : A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century ?

A

The World Is Flat : A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century is a bestselling book published in 2005 by Thomas L. Friedman, an American journalist, about globalization. The title suggest the world is a level playing field in terms of trade, where all competitors have the same opportunities.

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18
Q

une zone de libre-échange

A

a free trade area

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19
Q

un partenaire commercial

A

a trading partner

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20
Q

les chiffres du commerce extérieur

A

trade figures

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21
Q

la balance commerciale

A

the balance of trade

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22
Q

un excédent / un déficit commercial

A

a trade surplus / deficits

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23
Q

la libre circulation des marchandises

A

the free flow of goods

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24
Q

les flux de capitaux

A

capital flow

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25
Q

la fuite de capital

A

flight of capital

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26
Q

un paradis fiscal

A

a tax haven

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27
Q

What is the Internal Monetary Fund (IMF ; in French “FMI”) ?

A

It is an international organization that oversees the global financial system by following the economic policies of its 158 members countries. It aims at fostering global monetary cooperation, securing financial stability, facilitating international trade, promoting high employment and sustainable economic growth, and fighting poverty. It also offers loans mainly to poorer countries.

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28
Q

superviser

A

to oversee

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29
Q

encourager

A

to foster

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30
Q

un prêt

A

a loan

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31
Q

les bienfaits et les dangers de la mondialisation

A

the benefits and pitfalls of globalization

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32
Q

les avantages et les inconvénients de la mondialisation

A

the advantages and drawbacks / the pros and cons of globalization

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33
Q

les arguments pour / contre la mondialisation

A

the case for / against globalization

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34
Q

Tell me more about globalization

A

Globalization, in the sens of rapid integration of international markets for commodities, manufactured goods, labour and capital is not a new phenomenon. In the three decade before 1914, trade in goods reached as large a proportion of global output as in the past thirty years. In a world of less regulated borders, international migration was almost certainly larger relative to world population.

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35
Q

se développer

A

to develop

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36
Q

s’industrialiser

A

to industrialize

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37
Q

la croissance économique

A

economic growth

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38
Q

les pays riches

A

the rich world

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39
Q

les pya du Nord, les pays développés

A

developed, industrialized countries

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40
Q

les pays du Sud, les pays en voie de développement

A

developing, industrializing countries

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41
Q

le Tiers Monde

A

the Third World

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42
Q

un pays émergent

A

an emerging country

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43
Q

les PMA, les pays les moins avancés

A

LDCs, least developed countries

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44
Q

une économie émergente

A

an emerging economy

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45
Q

la Chine et l’Inde

A

Chindia

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46
Q

le commerce équitable

A

fair trade

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47
Q

des objets artisanaux

A

handicrafts

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48
Q

What does BRICS mean ?

A

BRICS is an acronym that refers to the major emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The acronym was coined in 2001 by Goldman Sachs, a US investment bank, which argued that by 2050, the combined economies of the BRICS members could eclipse the combined economies of the current richest countries of the world. The five countries currently account for about a third of the world’s population and are all influential players on the international stage.

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49
Q

représenter (chiffre, part…)

A

to account for

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50
Q

un exportateur / un importateur

A

an exporter / an importer

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51
Q

un pays exportateur de pétrole

A

an oil-exporting country

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52
Q

le taux de change

A

the exchange rate

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53
Q

pénétrer sur un marché

A

to break into a market

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54
Q

s’emparer d’un marché

A

to corner, capture a market

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55
Q

le protectionnisme

A

protectionism

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56
Q

mesures / politiques protectionnistes

A

protectionist measures / policies

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57
Q

les tarifs douaniers, les droits de douanes

A

tariffs

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58
Q

les droits de douanes

A

customs duties

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59
Q

les barrières douanières

A

trade barriers

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60
Q

abaisser / supprimer les barrières

A

to lower / remove trade barriers

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61
Q

une multinationale

A

a multinational (company)

62
Q

What does Alter-globalization (from the French “altermondialisme”) mean ?

A

It is a social movement that supports global cooperation and interaction, but opposes the negative effects of economic globalization on environmental protection, economic justice, labour protection, indigenous cultures and human rights. Most members of this movement shun the label “anti-globalization” since they do not oppose economic globalization as such.

63
Q

rejeter

A

to shun

64
Q

en tant que tel

A

as such

65
Q

les délocalisations

A

outsourcing, offshoring, relocating

66
Q

délocaliser la production / des emplois

A

to outsource, relocation production / jobs

67
Q

implanter une usine

A

to set up a factory

68
Q

un fournisseur

A

a supplier

69
Q

économies d’échelle

A

economies of scale

70
Q

une centre d’appels

A

a call center

71
Q

des emplois du secondaire

A

manufacturing jobs

72
Q

le tertiaire, les services

A

the service industries, the service sector

73
Q

profiter de la main-d’oeuvre bon marché

A

to take advantage of cheap labour

74
Q

le travail des enfants

A

child labour

75
Q

les conditions de travail

A

working conditions

76
Q

les normes en matière d’emploi / d’environnement

A

labour / environmental standards

77
Q

les coûts de production / salariaux

A

production / wage costs

78
Q

la concurrence

A

competition

79
Q

concurrence acharnée / déloyale

A

fierce / unfair competition

80
Q

le dumping

A

dumping

81
Q

vendre à perte

A

to trade at a loss

82
Q

un concurrent

A

a competitor

83
Q

compétitif

A

competitive

84
Q

la compétitivité

A

competitiveness

85
Q

être en concurrence avec des travailleurs peu payés

A

to compete with low-paid workers

86
Q

être à la traîne

A

to lag behind

87
Q

rattraper un concurrent

A

to catch up with a competitor

88
Q

se maintenir au même niveau qu’un concurrent

A

to keep up with a competitor

89
Q

le dumping social

A

social dumping

90
Q

une subvention

A

a subsidy

91
Q

subventionner

A

to subsidize

92
Q

l’américanisation

A

Americanization

93
Q

l’occidentalisation

A

Westernization

94
Q

l’uniformisation

A

standardization

95
Q

l’exception culturelle

A

cultural exception, cultural exemption

96
Q

What is “Cultural exception” ?

A

Cultural exception is a concept introduced by France in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negociations in 1003. It states that cultural exports should be protected.

97
Q

un militan anti-mondialiste

A

an antiglobalization activist,
an antiglobalization protester ;
an antiglobalist

98
Q

l’altermondialisme

A

alter-globalization

99
Q

la démondialisation

A

deglobalization

100
Q

une émeute

A

a riot

101
Q

What is the Tobin tax ?

A

The Tobin tax is a tax on the trade currencies. It was thought up by the Nobel Prize winner James Tobin in the 1970s as a way of thwarting speculation and securing financial stability. This idea of such a tax was revived in the late 1990s by ATTAX, an anti-globalization organization.

102
Q

ATTAC = ?

A

Association for the Taxation of financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens

103
Q

contrecarrer

A

to thwart

104
Q

être remis à l’ordre du jour

A

to be revived

105
Q

un militant

A

an activist

106
Q

une monnaie forte

A

a hard currency

107
Q

une monnaie faible

A

a soft currency

108
Q

une multinationale

A

a multinational, an MNC

109
Q

une filiale

A

a subsidiary

110
Q

une montée du protectionnisme

A

a surge of protectionism

111
Q

la fuite des cerveaux

A

brain drain

112
Q

des pays où la main d’oeuvre est bon marché

A

cheaper labor-cost countries

113
Q

la concurrence

A

competition

114
Q

la contrefaçon

A

counterfeiting ;

piracy

115
Q

le “dégraissage” d’une entreprise

A

downsizing

116
Q

“boeuf aux hormones”

A

hormone-injected beef

117
Q

“la malbouffe”

A

junk food

118
Q

licenciements

A

layoffs

119
Q

licencier

A

to lay off ;

to make sb redundant

120
Q

barrières non-tarifaires

A

NTBs

121
Q

rachat d’une entreprise

A

takeover

122
Q

les subventions, subventionner

A

subsidies, to subsidize

123
Q

taxes douanières

A

tariffs ; duties

124
Q

les barrières tarifaires

A

tariff barriers

125
Q

balance commerciale

A

trade balance

126
Q

accord commercial

A

trade agreement

127
Q

bloc commercial

A

trade bloc

128
Q

déséquilibre commercial

A

trade gape

129
Q

représailles commerciales

A

trade retaliations

130
Q

négociations commerciales

A

trade talks

131
Q

infraction commerciale

A

trade violation

132
Q

guerre commerciale

A

trade war

133
Q

concurrence déloyale

A

unfair competition

134
Q

ASEAN

A

Association of South-East Asian Nations

135
Q

APEC

A

Asia-Pacific Co-operation

136
Q

ALENA

A

NAFTA

137
Q

CARICOM

A

the Caribbean Islands Community

138
Q

AELE

A

EFTA : European Free Trade Association

139
Q

les NPI

A

the Newly Industrialized Countries

140
Q

l’OPEP

A

OPEC

141
Q

la CEI (Communauté des Etats Indépendants)

A

CIS

142
Q

violer un embargo

A

to breach an embargo

143
Q

combler un écart, un fossé

A

to bridge a gap

144
Q

rattraper

A

to catch up

145
Q

manifester

A

to demonstrate

146
Q

être à la traîne

A

to lag

147
Q

lever un embargo

A

to lift a ban, an embargo

148
Q

délocaliser

A

to relocate

149
Q

pénétrer un marché

A

to tap a marché

150
Q

externaliser

A

to outsource

151
Q

la relocalisation

A

the reshoring

152
Q

relocaliser

A

to reshore

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