Hypothalamus

Question 1

Functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 1

TAN HATS

• -Thirst and water balance
• -Adenohypophysis control (regulates anterior pituitary)
• -Neurohypophysis releases hormones produced in the hypothalamus
• -Hunger
• -Autonomic regulation
• -Temperature regulation
• -Sexual urges

Question 2

Supraoptic nucleus function

Answer 2

Produces ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 3

Paraventricular nucleus function

Answer 3

Produces oxytocin

Question 4

Lateral area function

Answer 4

Stimulate hunger (feeding)

destruction of this area –> anorexia, failure to thrive (infants) (starvation)

This area is inhibited by leptin

Question 5

Ventromedial area function

Answer 5

Stimulates Satiety

destruction (e.g., craniopharyngeoma) –> hyperphagia

Stimulated by leptin

“if you zap the ventromedial nucleus, you grow ventrally and medially”

Question 6

Anterior hypothalamus function

Answer 6

Stimulates cooling, parasympathetic

Question 7

Posterior hypothalamus function

Answer 7

Heating, sympathetic

Question 8

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 8

circadian rhythm

The suprachiasmatic nucleus receives direct input from the retina, and plays a role in controlling circadian rhythms. Environmental light regulates the activity of the pineal glad (secretes melatonin) through the retinal-suprachiasmatic-pineal pathway.

Question 9

Result of destruction of the septal nucleus

Answer 9

aggressive behavior