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Physical Diagnosis > Opthalamic Exam > Flashcards

Opthalamic Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Emmetropia Definition

A

No refractive Error

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2
Q

Myopia Definition

A

Nearsightedness

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3
Q

Hyperopia Definition

A

Farsightedness

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4
Q

Presbyopia Definition

A

Decreased Accomodation with aging

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5
Q

Astigmatism

A

Nonspherical cornea or lens; light rays not refracted uniformly

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6
Q

Components of the Physical Exam

A

Visual Acuity, Visual Fields, pupillary examination, External exam, extraocular movements, Fundoscopy

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7
Q

Inspection Components

A
  1. Position and alignment of eyes
  2. Eyebrows: quantity and distribution
  3. Eyelids: edema, color, lesions, condition and direction of eyelashes, adequacy of closed eyelids
  4. Lacrimal Apparatus: swelling
  5. Conjunctiva and sclera: color vascular pattern
  6. Cornea and lens: opacities
  7. Iris: markings clearly defined
  8. Pupils: size, shape, symmetry, reaction to light (direct and consensual)
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8
Q

What Does Visual Acuity Test?

A
  1. Integrity of the macula, optic nerve, optic tract, and visual cortex
  2. Test distance and near vision for best corrected visual acuity
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9
Q

Legal Blindness

A
  1. 20/200 BCVA
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10
Q

Snellen Chart

A
  1. Test at 20 ft
  2. Recorded as a ratio: numerator is the testing distance for the pt, denominator is the distance at which a normal eye can read the line of letters
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11
Q

OS

A

Left eye

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12
Q

OU

A

Both Eyes

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13
Q

OD Right eye

A

Right eye

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14
Q

Common causes of aniscoria (asymmetric pupils)

A
  1. Physiologic
  2. CN III palsy
  3. Horner’s Syndrome
  4. Ocular trauma/inflammation
  5. mydriatic eyedrops
  6. Recreational drugs
  7. Ocular surgery
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15
Q

What Does Accommodation reflex test?

A
  1. Pupillary constriction

2. Eye Convergence

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16
Q

What Does extraocular muscle evaluation test?

A
  1. Nystagmus (congenital and late-onset)
  2. Cranial Nerve palsy
  3. Graves’ disease
  4. Myasthenia gravis
  5. Stroke
  6. Brain tumor
  7. Orbital Tumors
17
Q

What do you use a red-free filter for?

A

Visualize blood vessels and hemorrhages

18
Q

What do you use a polarizing filter for?

A

Reduce corneal reflection

19
Q

What do you use a cobalt blue filter for?

A

Corneal abrasions upon fluorescein stain

20
Q

What do the red numbers correct for?

A

Minus lenses for myopic eyes (nearsighted)

21
Q

What do the green numbers correct for?

A

Plus lenses for hyperopic eye (farsighted)

22
Q

When performing a fundoscopic exam on a patient, describe the change is the size of blood vessels as you move toward the optic disc

A

The diameter of the blood vessels increases

23
Q

Blepharitis

A
  1. bacterial infection of the lid margins
  2. bilateral flaky inflammatory condition, may be due to a staph or strep infection, or dysfunctional meibomian glands.
  3. Eyelashes may adhere to eyelids, dandruff-like deposits/scales on eyelashes, nontender, eyelid margins may be red, conjunctiva clear to slightly red.
  4. Treat with baby shampoo, or antibiotic ointment if needed
24
Q

Hordoleum

A
  1. Localized painful staphylococcal abscess, may be internal (sebaceous gland abscess) or external (sty on lid margin).
  2. May have discharge, acute onset pain and edema of involved lid. 3. Treat with warm compress to decrease inflammation, may need antibiotic ointment
25
Q

Conjunctival Injection

A

Bloodshot eyes due to dilation of blood vessels

26
Q

Macula

A

Oval shaped yellow spot near the center of the retina in the human eye

27
Q

Fovea

A

An inner circle of the macula that contains the highest concentration of cone cells in the eye and is responsible for central, high resolution vision

28
Q

Consensual Pupillary reaction

A

When a light is shone in the eye, the contralateral eye also constricts

29
Q

Strabismus

A
  1. No visual acuity problems
  2. Binocular fixation not present: esotropia=inward misalignment, exotropia=outward misalignment, hypertropia=upward misalignment, hypotropia =downward misalignment
  3. Congenital or oculomotor lesion
30
Q

When does strabismus of infancy usually resolve by?

A

4 months old

31
Q

Complications from strabismus

A

Amblyopia: reduced visual acuity not corrected by refraction
Stronger eye takes over vision

32
Q

Describe the fundoscopic exam of someone with newly diagnosed glaucoma

A

Increased optic cup to disk ratio

Physical Diagnosis (9 decks)

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