Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro Test 3 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Genome

A

sum total of genetic material of a cell (chromosomes + mitochondria/chloroplasts and/or plasmids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phenotype

A

The expression of the genotype creates OBSERVABLE TRAITS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Genome of all living cells have (prok. and euk.)

A

double stranded DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Genome of viruses have

A

DNA or RNA (both single stranded or double stranded)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Genetics

A

Study of heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is circular DNA found in eukaryotic cell

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is linear DNA found and how many pairs

A

nucleus of Eukaryotic cell and 23 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is DNA or RNA surrounded by in viruses?

A

surrounded by protein capsid and sometimes envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of genetic info found in prokaryotic cells and where?

A

circular DNA in general nucleoid area of cell and plasmids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

genes

A

the fundamental unit of heredity responsible for a given trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

genotype

A

All types of genes constitute the genetic makeup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

structural genes

A

Genes that code for proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 categories for genes

A

structural genes, genes that code for RNA, and regulatory genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

regulatory genes

A

Genes that control gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nucleotide

A

Basic unit of DNA structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 parts of DNA nucleotide

A

5 carbon sugar (deoxiribose) , a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, THYMINE, guanine, cytosine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

helicase

A

unzipping the DNA helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

primase

A

synthesizing a RNA primer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

Adding bases to the new chain; proofreading chain for mistakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

Removing RNA primer; closing gaps; repairing mismatches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ligase

A

Final binding of nicks in DNA during synthesis and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Transcription

A

Information stored on the DNA molecule is conveyed to RNA molecules

23
Q

Translation

A

The information contained in the RNA molecule is then used to produce proteins

24
Q

3 parts of RNA nucleotide

A

5 carbon sugar (ribose), phosphate group, and nitrogen base ( adenine, URACIL, guanine, cytosine)

25
Q

mRNA (messenger RNA)

A

carries DNA message through complimentary copy; message in triplets called codons

26
Q

tRNA (transfer RNA)

A

made from DNA; secondary structure; makes loops - bottom loop = anticodon which is specific and complimentary to mRNA codon; CARRIES SPECIFIC AMINO ACIDS TO RIBOSOMES

27
Q

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

A

component of ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs

28
Q

transcription takes place in DNA?

A

nucleus

29
Q

translation takes place in DNA? RNA?

A

cytoplasm

30
Q

Polyribosomal complex

A

only in prok. cells: transcription and translation occur simultaneously; allows for the synthesis of many protein molecules simultaneously from the same mRNA molecule.

31
Q

what is the start codon

A

AUG

32
Q

AUG is transferred to which amino acid

A

methionine

33
Q

Can transcription and translation occur simultaneously

A

NO

34
Q

transcription takes place in RNA?

A

cytoplasm

35
Q

Operon

A

a set of genes, all of which are regulated as a single unit

36
Q

Inducible operon

A

operon is turned ON by substrate: catabolic operons

37
Q

Repressible operon

A

genes in a series are turned OFF by the product synthesized; anabolic operon

38
Q

Spontaneous mutation

A

random change in the DNA due to errors in replication that occur without known cause

39
Q

Induced mutation

A

result from exposure to known mutagens, physical (primarily radiation) or chemical agents that interact with DNA in a disruptive manner

40
Q

Point mutation

A

addition, deletion, or substitution of a few bases

41
Q

Missense mutation

A

causes change in a single amino acid

42
Q

Nonsense mutation

A

changes a normal codon into a stop codon

43
Q

silent mutation

A

alters a base but does not change the amino acid

44
Q

Back mutation

A

when a mutated gene reverses to its original base composition

45
Q

Frameshift mutation

A

when the reading frame of the mRNA is altered

46
Q

mismatch repair

A

when the reading frame of the mRNA is altered

47
Q

Light repair

A

for UV light damage

48
Q

Excision repair

A

locates and repairs incorrect sequence by removing a segment of the DNA and then adding the correct nucleotides

49
Q

enzymatic repair mechanisms

A

DNA polymerase, mismatch repair, light repair, and excision repair

50
Q

Genetic recombination

A

occurs when an organism acquires and expresses genes that originated in another organism

51
Q

3 means for genetic recombination in bacteria?

A

conjugation, transformation, transduction

52
Q

conjugation

A

only in living and related bacteria: transfer of a plasmid or chromosomal fragment from a donor cell to a recipient cell via a direct connection (the pilus)

53
Q

Transformation

A

bacteria cells can be unrelated: chromosome fragments from a lysed cell are accepted by a recipient cell; the genetic code of the DNA fragment is acquired by the recipient

54
Q

Transduction

A

bacteria must be related: bacteriophage (bacterial virus) serves as a carrier of DNA from a lysed donor cell to a live recipient cell

Micro Test 3 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions