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Human Function- Exam 4 Material > Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

what types of molecules are excluded from the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

large, negatively charged things

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2
Q

what does “perm selectivity” mean?

A

size and charge selective

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3
Q

what are characteristics of the glomerular capillaries?

A
  • high hydrostatic pressure
  • constant hydrostatic pressure
  • large surface area for filtration
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4
Q

what is the charge of the basement membrane?

A

negative- repels large negative things, attracts positive things

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5
Q

what are the proteins in the filtration slit?

A

nephrin

podocin

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6
Q

what does nephrin do?

A

filtration slit protein

extracellular, linked to podocin inside foot process

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7
Q

what does podocin do?

A

filtration slit protein

inside foot processes, connects to nephrin and signals EC events

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8
Q

what does damage to the filtration slit do?

A

changes permeability

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9
Q

what is the clearance ratio formula?

A

Cx/Cinulin

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10
Q

why is inulin special?

A

inulin is freely filtered

anything larger than inulin is not filtered

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11
Q

what properties of a molecule will change its clearance ratio and how?

A

increased size –> decreases clearance ratio
increased positive charge–> increases clearance ratio
increased negative charge–>decreases clearance ratio a lot

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12
Q

what is serum nephritis?

A

increased anion filtration due to loss of negative charge at filtration barrier

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13
Q

what is the starling formula for glomerular filtration?

A

GFR = Kf [(Pc-Pbs) - COPx]
Kf- glomerular filtration constant (surface area and permeability)
Pc-Pbs- transmural hydrostatic pressure
COP- colloidal protein osmotic pressure

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14
Q

what is the ultrafiltration pressure equation?

A

Puf = (Pc - Pbs) - COPx

always positive or 0

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15
Q

how does COP change along the glomerular capillary?

A

increases (afferent < efferent)

water is removed, which concentrates the remaining solutes

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16
Q

how does the ultrafiltration pressure change along the length of the capillary?

A

decreases because COP increases

17
Q

when is the glomerular filtration in equilibrium?

A

COP = hydrostatic pressure

18
Q

what is normal GFR?

A

100-120ml/min (180L/day)

19
Q

what happens at filtration equilibrium?

A

no reabsorption

20
Q

what does glomerular filtration depend on?

A

blood flow and pressure gradient

21
Q

how does filtration fraction vary with renal plasma flow?

A

normal 15-20%
low- 20%
high <15%

22
Q

what is the effect of decreasing arteriolar resistance?

A

increases renal plasma flow, glomerular pressure, and GFR

23
Q

what is the effect of increasing arteriolar resistance?

A

decreases RPF, glomerular pressure, and GFR

24
Q

what controls renal blood flow?

A

sum of afferent and efferent resistances

25
Q

what controls glomerular capillary pressure?

A

relative resistances of the afferent and efferent arterioles

26
Q

what is the most important regulator of RPF and GFR?

A

afferent arteriole resistance

27
Q

what is the effect of decreasing efferent arteriole resistance?

A

increases RPF

decreases glomerular capillary pressure and GFR

28
Q

what is the effect of increasing efferent arteriole resistance?

A

decreases RPF
increases glomerular capillary pressure
decreases GFR with large change, increase with small

29
Q

where does angiotension II preferentially act? what does it do?

A

constricts the efferent arterioles

30
Q

what do changes in GFR affect?

A

Na excretion

- water excretion is affected by tubular water reabsorption

31
Q

what are extrinsic controllers that result in decreased GFR?

A 
sympathetic nerves- adrenergic and catacholamines
antiotension II
vasopressin (ADH)
endothelin, thromboxane
dehydration, hemorrhage
32
Q

what are extrinsic controllers that result in increased GFR?

A

ANP, dopaminergic nerves, NO
prostaglandins
high dietary proteins, pregnancy

Human Function- Exam 4 Material (25 decks)

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