nursing care of toddlers & preschoolers

Question 1

toddlers/preschoolers

Answer 1

rapid infancy growth subsides

Question 2

growth in ht

Answer 2

3 inches/year

Question 3

wt gain

Answer 3

4-6 pounds/year

Question 4

bmi growth charts recommended after

Answer 4

2 years

Question 5

chest circumference exceeds head circumference by

Answer 5

toddler years

Question 6

age group also has “pot bellied”

Answer 6

lumbar lordosis

Question 7

health promotion categories

Answer 7

nutrition & dental health
unintentional injuries
sleep
toilet learning
play
gender identity
language
temperament & parenting

Question 8

nutrition:

Answer 8

canada's food guide
eat 5-7x day
nutritious snacks
watch for large intakes of juice or milk
assessing diet
offering new foods

Question 9

physiological anorexia

Answer 9

18 months; their physiological needs decrease and therefore appetite goes down (bc theyre not growing as much)

Question 10

nutritional status of preschoolers

Answer 10

canadian community health survey

Question 11

influencing factors for nutritional status of preschoolers

Answer 11

physical growth
food and nutrient intake
factors affecting intake and eating behaviour
physical activity

Question 12

NutriSTEP

Answer 12

Nutritional screening tool (for) every preschooler

Question 13

NutriSTEP TBDHU Results

Answer 13

risk
growth and physical activity
specific food group consumption
fast food
food insecurity
decision making
selected recommendations

Question 14

NutriSTEP Qs…

Answer 14

my child usually eats.... "gains/milks"
fast food
feeds his/her self
is not hungry at mealtimes
i let my child decide how much to eat
my child usually watches TV while eating

Question 15

approx how much food from each food group per year of age

Answer 15

1 T

ie. 3 year old: 3T veg, 3T meat, etc

Question 16

dental health

Answer 16

scrub method (parent stands behind child)
replace toothbrush every 3 mo
low cariogenic (sugar/starches) diet
aged cheeses/sugarless gum
first dental visit by age 2 and a “happy” visit

Question 17

orthodontic visit:

Answer 17

recommended every child see orthodontist by age 7

Question 18

kids cannot brush teeth by themselves well enough until approx

Answer 18

age 8

Question 19

unintentional injury

Answer 19

leading cause of death age 1-14

Question 20

most common fatal injuries to children in canada

Answer 20

downing
MVAs
suffocation, often from choking (or crib/grabbing blinds)

Question 21

more children in a family means

Answer 21

increased unintentional injuries

Question 22

toddler curiosity overrides self discipline

Answer 22

18 mo

Question 23

primary prevention based on

Answer 23

child development & planned safety procedures key to reduced mortality and morbidity (ie. car seats, life jackets, locking away substances, water temp in house lowered, transfer to bed once they can crawl over crib rail)

Question 24

sleep hrs toddlers

Answer 24

12 hours

Question 25

sleep hrs preschool

Answer 25

10 hrs (nap time tends to go away between these two ages)

Question 26

sleep in general

Answer 26

routines important; incorporate development
CNS immature (reason for more nightmares and terror)
vulnerable to nightmares and terrors
night lights: advantages and risks

Question 27

co-sleeping

Answer 27

not recommended when choking risk but after depending on parenting style and child needs

Question 28

night lights are ok when

Answer 28

not on all the time and are not very bright (have in hallway even), provides comfort

Question 29

night lights risk

Answer 29

myopia (nearsightedness) if left on too long or are too bright

Question 30

toilet learning by max age

Answer 30

4

Question 31

sex differences in toilet learning

Answer 31

girls; 2-2.5 yrs

boys; 3-3.5 yrs

Question 32

signs of TT readiness

Answer 32

pulls pants up and down
cognitively understands
no new transitions * (could regress)

Question 33

TT in general

Answer 33

in summer!

many approaches and resources

Question 34

signs to stop TT and restart later

Answer 34

if after a few weeks the child shows no interest, stop and try in a few months; generally have to be able to stay dry for 2 hrs during the day to be successful

Question 35

enuresis

Answer 35

• passing of urine during the daytime
• not the same as “accidents”; will sit in it, no recognition of what’s happened
  -sign of psychological cause/home reason
  (encopresis = same thing but with stool)

Question 36

night terrors

Answer 36

wont remember in AM
dont wake up, just make sure theyre safe
first half of sleep; first 4 hours ish

Question 37

nightmares

Answer 37

will remember it
crying, will recognize you
2nd half of sleep

Question 38

sleep walkers

Answer 38

runs in families

watch for safety

Question 39

gender identity

Answer 39

“i am a boy(girl)”

generally occurs by age 4, but its not really a fixed identity

Question 40

play

Answer 40

work of children

Question 41

stages of play

Answer 41

1. solitary (infancy)
2. parallel (toddlers)
3. associate play (playing house, more dramatic play)
4. cooperative (school-aged, has rules)

Question 42

reading

Answer 42

begins for pleasure around age 8/grade 3 (not just reading the words)

Question 43

types of play

Answer 43

1. fluid (sand/rice tables)
2. dramatic (act out roles, dress up)
3. rough & tumble (reduces aggression, just having fun; its not serious and yet parents tend to discourage it)