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Psychology 101 > Ch 12 Personality > Flashcards

Ch 12 Personality Flashcards

0
Q

What does personality account for?

A

Individual differences or individual consistencies

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1
Q

What percentage of our traits are genetic?

A

50

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2
Q

What are the 4 things that Hippocrates believed reflect personality?

A

Black bile, yellow bile, blood, and phlegm

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3
Q

What did Hippocrates believe an abundance of black bile meant in terms of personality?

A

The person will be moody and dark

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4
Q

What did Hippocrates believe an abundance of yellow bile meant in terms of personality?

A

The person will be irritable and tough to get along with

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5
Q

What did Hippocrates believe an abundance of blood meant in terms of personality?

A

The person will be robust and Santa clause type

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6
Q

What did Hippocrates believe an abundance of phlegm meant in terms of personality?

A

The person will be difficult to arouse

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7
Q

What is personality?

A

A persons unique set of consistent behavioural traits

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8
Q

How many personality traits are necessary to describe personality adequately?

A

5

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9
Q

What are the big five when it comes to personality?

A

Extraversion, openness to experience, neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

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10
Q

If someone scores high in neuroticism tend to be… Give 3 examples

A

Anxious, self-conscious, and insecure

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11
Q

If someone scored high on the extra version scale they would be… Give 3 examples

A

Outgoing, friendly, and assertive

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12
Q

If someone scored high on being open to experience on the personality scale, they would be… Give 3 examples

A

Curious, flexible, and artistic

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13
Q

If someone scored high on agreeableness on a personality test, they would be… Give 3 examples

A

Sympathetic, trusting, and modest

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14
Q

If someone scored high on being conscientious on a personality test, they would be… Give 3 examples

A

Punctual, organized, and dependable

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15
Q

According to Freud, how do we get to the psyche?

A

Free association, slips of the tongue, and dream analysis

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16
Q

What are the 12 ego defence mechanisms?

A

Denial of reality, creating fantasy, compensation, identification, introjection, projection, rationalization, repression, reaction formation, displacement, regression, and sublimation

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17
Q

When speaking of ego defence mechanisms, what does denial of reality mean?

A

People who don’t want to talk about things they’re uncomfortable with

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18
Q

When speaking of ego defence mechanisms, what does compensation mean?

A

If I can’t do well in one area, I’ll do another and il do even better

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19
Q

When speaking of ego defence mechanisms, what does identification mean?

A

Identifying with people that are more powerful

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20
Q

When speaking of ego defence mechanisms, what does introjection mean?

A

Take values from a more formal society of person. If you can’t beat them, join them

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21
Q

When speaking of ego defence mechanisms, what does projection mean?

A

Projecting your values onto someone else or transferring blame

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22
Q

When speaking of ego defence mechanisms, what does rationalization mean?

A

Giving excuses for bad behaviour

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23
Q

When speaking of ego defence mechanisms, what does repression mean?

A

Repressing experiences that may disturb us eg ‘not remembering’

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24
Q

When speaking of ego defence mechanisms, what does reaction formation mean?

A

Adopting attitudes that are opposite of what you normally would be like

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25
Q

When speaking of ego defence mechanisms, what does displacement mean?

A

Taking your anger out on someone

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26
Q

When speaking of ego defence mechanisms, what does regression mean?

A

When you’re angry or stressed, returning to a time when you were more secure

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27
Q

When speaking of ego defence mechanisms, what does sublimation mean?

A

Converting sexual impulses somewhere else like school

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28
Q

Explain Thanatos and Eros

A

Thanatos likes control and decay

Eros likes life and loves growth

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29
Q

Who believed that life is a constant battle of life and death?

A

Freud

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30
Q

Who believed that the Jewish people didn’t react because they were overwhelmed with Thanatos?

A

Bruno Bettelheim

31
Q

What are the 5 stages of phychosexual development?

A

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

32
Q

Who believed there were three types of traits that people have?

A

All port

33
Q

According to Allport, what are the three types of traits people have?

A

Cardinal, central, and secondary

34
Q

What is a cardinal trait according to Allport?

A

Everything that you do can be reduced to this one trait

35
Q

What is a central trait according to Allport?

A

Some things like being funny or empathetic..traits people may think of when they think of you

36
Q

What is a secondary trait according to Allport?

A

A trait that has no significant aspects that reflect who you are

37
Q

What are the three characteristics of Allports idea of the ‘mature personality?”

A

Capable of empathy, has a sense of humour, and perspective

38
Q

What are the three “super factors” of personality according to Eynsench?

A

Extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism

39
Q

What is an ambinvert?

A

You aren’t on either end of a polar trait, you have a little bit of everything in you!

40
Q

What personality trait “suffers’ from low cortical arousal?

A

An extrovert

41
Q

According to Susanne Kobassa, what are the three aspects of hardiness?

A

Commitment, control, and challenge

42
Q

What does Skinner believe in when it comes to personality?

A

Rewards=personality

If you’re a whiny baby and you get rewarded for it, you’ll be a whiny person

43
Q

The social cognitive approach is important to Albert Bandura. He believes in reciprocal determinism. What is reciprocal determinism?

A

We are creators and products of our environment.

44
Q

What is an internal locus of control?

A

When you believe that you are in control of your environment, and things happen because of your own doing ie, good grades

45
Q

What is an external locus of control?

A

You feel the environment is in control

46
Q

Two people are writing a test. Both of the, do well. What would a person with an internal locus of control be likely to say about their performance? What would a person with and external locus of control be likely to say about their performance?

A

Internal: I studied hard for that test that’s why I did well
External: I must have been lucky

47
Q

What is self efficacy?

A

Through your efforts, you produce your results

48
Q

What are the 4 key factors in the humanistic theory of personality?

A

Holistic, dispositional, phenomenological, and existential

49
Q

What des dispositional mean when referring to one of the key factors of the humanistic theory of personality?

A

We are disposed to be empathic, and to growth

50
Q

What does phenomenological mean when referring to one of the key factors of the humanistic theory of personality?

A

The world is subjective. What you find stressful, may not be stressful to someone else

51
Q

What does existential mean when referring to one of the key factors of the humanistic theory of personality?

A

You are free to choose

52
Q

What does OCEAN stand for?

A

Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

53
Q

What are the two types of tools used for measuring personality?

A

Self report inventory and projection techniques

54
Q

What are self projection techniques and how are they used?

A

They are techniques that allow people to project their ideas onto something ambiguous, like a picture, what do you see in this picture? They are used to measure personality

55
Q

Give an example of a self report technique for assessing personality

A

Ocean or MMPI

56
Q

Who believed we live in a hyper reality?

A

Jean Boudrillard

57
Q

What did Jean Boudrillard believe?

A

We live in a hyper reality

58
Q

Explain the post modern theory of personality

A

There’s nothing behind social masks, what you see is what people are

59
Q

When it comes to the humanistic theory of personality, Maslow believed in what?

A

That people are pre-disposed to become self-actualizing.

60
Q

What are the 4 steps in Maslow’s theory of personality?

A
  1. Tissue or biological needs
  2. Safety needs
  3. Belonging/love
  4. Self esteem
    Then comes self-actualization
61
Q

What did Carl Rogers believe in when it came to personality?

A

That people are primed for growth and fulfillment

62
Q

What are the 3 things that Carl Rogers believed that growth depends on?

A
  1. Genuineness
  2. Acceptance
  3. Empathy
63
Q

Identify 3 criticisms of the humanistic theory of personality

A
  1. Failed to see reality of evil
  2. Needs to look at genetic factors
  3. Needs to be more empirical
64
Q

What are the 5 factors of personality? (OCEAN)

A 
openness to experiences
conscientiousness 
extraversion
agreeableness 
neuroticism
65
Q

Who created the big-5 or OCEAN?

A

McCrae and Costa

66
Q

what is the reality principle?

A

what the ego is guided by, delaying gratification of the IDs urges until situations can be found

67
Q

what does the conscious consist of to Freud?

A

whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time

68
Q

What does the preconscious consist of when referring to Freuds idea of levels of awareness?

A

material just beneath the surface of awareness

69
Q

What was Jung’s theory called?

A

analytical psychology

70
Q

what was adler known for?

A

Individual psychology, striving for superiority

71
Q

What was Carl Jung’s collective unconsciousness?

A

a storehouse of latent memory traces inherted from peoples ancestral past

72
Q

What are archetypes (Jung)

A

emotionally harged images that have universal meanings

73
Q

Who provided the first description of introversion and extraversion?

A

Jung

74
Q

What does Buss think about the big 5 and what does Nettle think?

A

Buss– big 5 may have contributed to reproductive fitness

Nettle– big 5 are products of evolution that were adaptive in ancestral times

Psychology 101 (8 decks)

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