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Physical Diagnosis 1 > Cardiac Kate > Flashcards

Cardiac Kate Flashcards

0
Q

S1 sound is described as?

A

“lub”

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1
Q

S1 sound is from?

A

closure of the mitral & tricuspid valves

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2
Q

S2 sound results from?

A

closure of the aortic & pulmonic valves

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3
Q

S2 sound is described as

A

“dub”

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4
Q

S3 heart sound results from?

A

early passive rapid filling of the ventricles, rapid distension of the ventricular walls

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5
Q

S4 heart sound results from?

A

2nd phase of ventricular filling as atria contract and blood flows into ventricles
Rush of blood vibrates valves, papillary mm., and ventricular walls

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6
Q

sound made by blood rushing through a narrowed or leaking valves or wall b/w chambers of the heart during systole

A

systolic murmur

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7
Q

sound made by blood rushing through a narrowed or leaking valve or wall b/w chambers of the heart during diastole

A

diastolic murmur

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8
Q

a palpable murmur

vigorous, turbulent blood flow through any narrowed opening

A

thrill

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9
Q

cardiac impulse that is vigorous & can be felt through the chest wall

A

lift/heave

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10
Q

aortic auscultation space

A

2nd ICS, RSB

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11
Q

pulmonic auscultation space

A

2nd ICS, LSB

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12
Q

2nd pulmonic auscultation area

A

3rd ICS, LSB

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13
Q

Tricuspid auscultation area

A

4th & 5th ICS, LSB

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14
Q

Mitral (apex) auscultation area

A

5th ICS, mid-clavicular line (left)

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15
Q

abn finding on JVD measurement? and what this means

A

JVP > 4 cm above the sternal angle (9 cm above the right atrium) indicates increased right heart pressure

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16
Q

JVD measurement tests for?

A

increased right heart pressure

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17
Q

hepatojugular reflex tests for?

A

fluid overload

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18
Q

abn heptaojugular reflex finding?

A

increased JVP in the neck upon application of pressure to the RUQ near the region of the liver

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19
Q

cardiac percussion looks for what?

A

an estimate of heart siz

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20
Q

cardiac percussion technique?

A

begin at 5th ICS in midaxillary line & percuss medially, listening for onset of dullness

21
Q

cardiac percussion for size can detect? (2)

A

cardiomegaly

pericardial effusion

22
Q

auscultate w/ pt on left side for>

A

low pitched murmurs- S3, S4

aortic & pulmonic regurgitation

23
Q

small weak pulses could indicate (2)

A

cardiomyopathy

dehydration

24
Q

large bounding pulses could indicate (2)

A

HTN

aortic insufficiency

25
Q

PMI normal size?

A

2.5 cm or smaller in diameter, or the width of one intercostal space

26
Q

S2 splitting is?

A

aortic valve closure & pulmonic valve closure, normal upon inspiration

27
Q

pathologic S2 splitting is? and associated conditios

A

due to the delay in closure of pulmonic valve

conditions: ASD, pulmonic stenosis, RV heart failure, right bundle branch block

28
Q

ventricular gallop rhythm

and why

A

S1+S2+S3

usually due to volume overload of ventricle

29
Q

atrial gallop?

A

S1+S2+S4

30
Q

S4 heart sound…? (2)

A

pathologic due to resistance to ventricular filling

stiffness of the heart m. (reduced compliance)

31
Q

mid-late systolic clicks could indicate?

A

mitral valve prolapse

32
Q

grade 1 murmur

A

barely audible in quiet room

33
Q

grade 2 murmur

A

quiet but clearly audible

34
Q

grade 3 murmur

A

moderately loud

35
Q

grade 4 murmur

A

loud, assoc. w/ thrill

36
Q

grade 5 murmur

A

very loud, heard w/ stethoscope partially off the chest; thrill

37
Q

grade 6 murmur

A

heard w/out stethoscope, obvious thrill

38
Q

systolic ejection murmur is what kind of pressure change?

A

high pressure to high pressure

39
Q

systolic ejection murmur occurs when blood moves where?

A

LV to aorta

40
Q

systolic ejection murmurs are described how (2)

A

crescendo-decrescendo

whoosh

41
Q

pansystolic/holosystolic murmurs are due to?

A

regurgitation across AV valves or VSD

42
Q

pansystolic murmurs are what pressure?

A

high to low pressure

43
Q

late systolic murmur is typical of what condition?

A

mitral prolapse

44
Q

cause of early diastolic murmur?

A

regurgitant flow across leaking semilunar valve

45
Q

mid-diastolic murmur is from what? (2)

A

turbulent flow across leaking semilunar valve (aortic or pulmonic)
mitral/tricuspid stenosis

46
Q

systolic-diastolic murmurs sound is described how?

A

crescendo-decrescendo

47
Q

systolic-diastolic murmur is due to?

A

narrowed valve & failure of complete closure of the aortic valve during diastole, w/ leakage of blood back into the LV

48
Q

characteristics of strain phase of valsalva

A

decreased venous return
decreased LV vol
decreased BP
decreased peripheral venous resistance

49
Q

characteristics of release phase of valsalva

A

increased LV vol.
increased venous return
increased BP
increased peripheral venous resistance

Physical Diagnosis 1 (19 decks)

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