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Bono > Foreign Policy > Flashcards

Foreign Policy Flashcards

1
Q

_____ consists of the strategies and goals that guide a nation’s relations with other countries and groups in the world

A

Foreign policy

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2
Q

The specific strategies that make up _____ from year to year change in response to changes in the international environment.

A

U.S. foreign policy

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3
Q

The long-term goals of that ____ remain constant, reflecting both the nation’s ideals and its self-interest

A

policy

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4
Q

The principal goal of American foreign policy is _____.

A

to preserve the security of the United States

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5
Q

_____ means protection of a nation’s borders and territories against invasion or control by foreign powers

A

National security

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6
Q

In today’s global economy national security means ________.

A

more than military defense

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7
Q

Maintaining trade with other nations and preserving access to necessary natural resources have also been basic goals of ______.

A

U.S. foreign policy

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8
Q

Productive American factories and farms need foreign markets in which _____.

A

to sell their goods

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9
Q

Generally, the United States supports trade that is free from _______.

A

both export and import restrictions

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10
Q

American leaders also work for _____ because they believe it helps the nation avoid outside conflicts and aids national security

A

world peace

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11
Q

The United States tries to help other nations settle disputes and has also supplied ______.

A

economic aid to at-risk countries

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12
Q

_______, along with direct terrorist attacks, have made the goal of world peace an even greater challenge

A

The rise of terrorist groups

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13
Q

The United States aids democratic nations and helps others create democratic political systems
(examples)

A

IE. South Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan

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14
Q

The United States has responded by providing food, medical supplies, and technical assistance for _____.

A

humanitarian reasons

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15
Q

This aid serves the strategic interests of the United states by ______ in the world

A

maintaining political stability

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16
Q

Until the late 1800’s, American foreign policy was based on _____.

A

isolationism

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17
Q

____ the avoidance of involvement in world affairs

A

Isolationism

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18
Q

When______ became president in 1789, the US was a small nation in deep debt

A

George Washington

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19
Q

In 1823 President James Monroe announced a new foreign policy known as the _____.

A

Monroe Doctrine

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20
Q

_____ began to look for world markets for its products and for new sources of raw materials

A

Monroe Doctrine

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21
Q

For some government leaders, isolationism no longer fit the US’s role as an ______.

A

economic power

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22
Q

The US leaders of the time believed the nation needed to expand and acquire a ______.

A

colonial empire

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23
Q

In 1898 the US fought the _______.

A

Spanish American War

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24
Q

As a result, the US acquired the ________, ______, and _____.

A

Philippine Islands, Guam, and Puerto Rico

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25
Q

______ was now a major power in the Caribbean as well as the Pacific region and East Asia

A

The United States

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26
Q

When _____ began in Europe in 1914, isolationist sentiment in the United States was still strong

A

World War I

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27
Q

Disillusioned by the terrible cost of war, Americans returned to _______.

A

isolationism

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28
Q

When _____ began in 1939, the United States officially remained ____.

A

World War II, neutral

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29
Q

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, drew the _____ into war

A

United States

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30
Q

Since World War II, US foreign policy has been based on ______.

A

internationalism

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31
Q

_____ emerged from World War II as the leader of the free nations of the world.

A

The United States

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32
Q

US government leaders viewed the ______ as a threat to national security

A

power of the Soviet Union

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33
Q

Between 1945 and 1949, the _____ established control over the governments of Eastern European countries

A

Soviet Union

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34
Q

In 1949 _____ seized control of China.

A

Chinese Communists

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35
Q

_____ takeovers in these nations convinced American leaders that they must halt Communist aggression

A

The Communist

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36
Q

_____ was a war of words and ideologies rather than a shooting war

A

The Cold War

37
Q

With the threat of expanding communism, the US drew upon the ideas of _____, an American diplomat and expert on Soviet history and culture

A

George F. Kenan

38
Q

The US would create a policy known as _____.

A

containment

39
Q

Containment was the policy designed to keep the _____ from expanding its powers

A

Soviet Union

40
Q

_____ also tried to stop the spread of communism by giving economic aid to nations they said were threatened by totalitarian regimes.

A

America

41
Q

_____ announced what later became known as the Truman Doctrine in a speech in 1947:

A

President Harry Truman

42
Q

Months later the_____ provided badly needed economic aid for war-torn Europe

A

Marshall Plan

43
Q

____ tensions and fears also led to an arms race

A

Cold War

44
Q

______ of containment drew the United States into two wars: (name them)

A

The Cold War policy,

  1. Korea
  2. Vietnam
45
Q

In the Korean War the US aided pro-American South Korea when it was invaded by _______.

A

communist North Korea

46
Q

Truman saw the invasion of South Korea as expansionism by the Soviet Union and sent American troops there under _____.

A

UN sponsorship

47
Q

In the Vietnam War, ____ committed troops for many years to fight on the side of the South Vietnamese government against Communist N. Vietnam

A

the United States

48
Q

In 1989 _____ dividing Communist East Germany from the democratic West Germany was torn down by demonstrators

A

the Berlin Wal

49
Q

while _____ called on the US to stay involved in world politics to protect American trade interests, encourage democracy, and advance human rights

A

policymakers

50
Q

In 1990 Iraq’s leader _____, invaded neighboring Kuwait threatening Middle Eastern oil supplies

A

Saddam Hussein

51
Q

These actions included a program of inspections aimed at preventing ____ from developing weapons of mass destruction

A

Iraq

52
Q

During the 1990’s ____ kept tension high by failing to cooperate with UN-mandated inspections

A

Saddam Hussein

53
Q

Throughout the 1990s ____ sent US forces to several places in attempts to maintain political order and protect humanitarian interests

A

President Clinton

54
Q

In 1992_____ join a multi-nation force in Somalia to protect relief organizations operating during a civil war

A

American troops

55
Q

In 1994 American troops preserved order in _____ when their president was forced to flee the country

A

Haiti

56
Q

In 1995 _____ intervened to end ethnic warfare among Croats, Serbs, and Muslims resulting from the breakup of the former Yugoslavia

A

American and NATO allies

57
Q

In 1999, ____ air power and troops forced Serbian troops to withdraw from the Yugoslavian province of Kosovo

A

American and NATO

58
Q

______ identified the attack as the work of al-Qaeda, a global network of Islamic terrorists whose leaders were based in Afghanistan

A

The FBI and intelligence sources

59
Q

_____ quickly announced that a war on terrorism would become the focus of his administration

A

President George W. Bush

60
Q

_______ framework states that preemption should replace containment and deterrence as the foundation American strategy

A

The Bush administrations

61
Q

_____ means that the US will strike first with military force against any terrorist groups or rogue states that might threaten the nation with weapons of mass destruction

A

Preemption

62
Q

_____ applied preemption in March 2003 when the US and a coalition of others removed the government of Saddam Hussein

A

President Bush

63
Q

In December 2003, _____ would be captured

A

Saddam Hussein

64
Q

______ have the major responsibility for making foreign policy, and are often influenced by the opinions of the American people

A

The president and Congress

65
Q

Pressure from interest groups can also affect _____.

A

foreign policy

66
Q

_____ issues can have a substantial impact on legislation that affects their areas of interest

A

Human rights

67
Q

_______, is one of the smallest cabinet-level departments in terms of employees, yet they carry out foreign policy

A

The Department of State

68
Q

______ is the largest of all the executive departments both in terms of money spent and people employed

A

The Department of Defense

69
Q

Created by Congress in 1789, ______ was the first executive department

A

the Dept. of State

70
Q

Originally it was known as ___________.

A

the Department of Foreign Affairs

71
Q

______ is generally considered to be the most important member of the cabinet, ranking just below the president and vice president

A

The secretary of state

72
Q

________ is the 4th in line for presidential succession

A

The secretary of state

73
Q

Your current secretary of state is ______.

A

John Kerry (D)

74
Q

Dept. of State carries out four important functions:

name them

A
  1. Keep the president informed about international issues
  2. Maintain diplomatic relations with foreign governments
  3. Negotiate treaties with foreign governments
  4. Protect the interests of Americans who are traveling or conducting business abroad
75
Q

Six assistant secretaries direct the six geographical bureaus of the State Dept.: (name a few)

A
  1. Bureau of African Affairs
  2. European and Eurasian Affairs
  3. East Asian and Pacific Affairs
  4. Western Hemisphere Affairs
  5. Near Eastern Affairs
  6. South Asian Affairs
76
Q

Officials who are assigned to serve abroad in foreign countries belong to ________.

A

the Foreign Service

77
Q

_______usually spend several years abroad in a diplomatic post

A

Foreign Service Officers (FSOs)

78
Q

_____ are normally assigned either to an American embassy or to an American consulate

A

FSOs

79
Q

________ maintains embassies in the capital cities of foreign countries

A

The United States

80
Q

______ includes the official residence and offices of the ambassador and his/her staff

A

An embassy

81
Q

The primary function of an embassy is to make ______.

A

diplomatic communication between governments easier

82
Q

Currently the State Dept. directs the work of over _______.

A

200 American embassies and consulates

83
Q

An ambassador heads each ________.

A

American embassy

84
Q

______ is appointed by the president and must be confirmed by the Senate

A

An ambassador

85
Q

Congress has exercised its power to declare war only ____ times in our nation’s history: (name some)

A

5,

  1. War of 1812,
  2. 1846 against Mexico,
  3. 1898 against Spain,
  4. 1917 against Germany,
  5. 1941 against Japan, Germany, and Italy
86
Q

The president has advantages over Congress in conducting foreign policy: (name two)

A
  1. Only the president—or a chosen spokesperson such as the secretary of state—can speak for the nation in dealings with other governments
  2. The president controls those agencies, Dept. of State and the National Security Council, that help formulate and carry out foreign policy on a day-to-day basis
  3. The president is able to take quick and decisive action
  4. By using executive agreements, the president can bypass the Senate when making agreements with other nations
87
Q

Dept. of State carries out four important functions: (name two)

A
  1. Keep the president informed about international issues
  2. Maintain diplomatic relations with foreign governments
  3. Negotiate treaties with foreign governments
  4. Protect the interests of Americans who are traveling or conducting business abroad
88
Q

The Joint Chiefs of Staff is a six member group: (name three)

A
  1. Chief of Staff of the Army,
  2. Air Force,
  3. Naval Operations,
  4. Commandant of the Marine Corps,
  5. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
  6. Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Bono (4 decks)

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