2.9-2.10 vocab

Question 1

the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges

Answer 1

Simony

Question 2

the practice of holding more than one office or church benefice at a time

Answer 2

pluralism

Question 3

favoring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs

Answer 3

nepotism

Question 4

the practice of regularly staying away from work or school without good reason

Answer 4

absenteeism

Question 5

paying money to the church so that your past sins are forgiven or you are released from purgatory after death

Answer 5

sale of indulgences

Question 6

Bishops casually enforced regulations regarding education of priest. Many could not read, write, or understand Latin

Answer 6

clerical ignorance

Question 7

a follower of the 14th century English religious reformer John Wycliffe, believed that the church should aid people to live a life of evangelical poverty and imitate Jesus Christ

Answer 7

Lollards

Question 8

An essay that was written to criticize Christians for not “imitating Christ”

Answer 8

Erasmus, In Praise of Folly

Question 9

a philosophy advocating the self-fulfillment of humanity within the framework of Christian principles

Answer 9

Christian humanism

Question 10

Founder of Lutheranism, kick started the Protestant Reformation

Answer 10

Martin Luther

Question 11

German Dominican friar whose preaching on indulgences, considered by many of his contemporaries to be an abuse of the sacrament of penance, sparked Martin Luther’s reaction

Answer 11

Johann Tetzel

Question 12

propositions for debate concerned with the question of indulgences, written by Martin Luther

Answer 12

95 Theses

Question 13

doctrine that says priests are not necessary, all individuals have access to God through Christ

Answer 13

“priesthood of all believers”

Question 14

An imperial meeting of the Holy Roman Empire, convened to determine how authorities (both political and religious) should respond to Martin Luther’s teachings

Answer 14

Diet of Worms

Question 15

28 articles presented by Lutheran princes and representatives of “free cities” at the Diet of Augsburg that set forward what the Lutherans believed

Answer 15

Confessions of Augsburg

Question 16

Holy Roman Emperor during the Protestant Reformation

Answer 16

Charles V

Question 17

peasant uprising in Germany. Inspired by changes brought by the Reformation, peasants in western and southern Germany invoked divine law to demand agrarian rights and freedom from oppression by nobles and landlords.

Answer 17

German Peasants War

Question 18

The demands of the peasants in the German Peasants War, asking for human rights and civil liberties

Answer 18

Twelve Articles

Question 19

a military alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century

Answer 19

League of Schmalkalden

Question 20

A treaty between German Princes and Charles V that allowed the state princes to select either Lutheranism or Catholicism as the religion of their domain and permitted the free emigration of residents who dissented

Answer 20

Peace of Augsburg, 1555

Question 21

member of a fringe, or radical, movement of the Protestant Reformation and spiritual ancestor of modern Baptists, Mennonites, and Quakers. Adult baptisms

Answer 21

Anabaptists

Question 22

Jan Matthijs, the leader of Munster’s Anabaptists, proclaimed that anyone who refused to be baptized would be killed

Answer 22

Tragedy at Münster

Question 23

leader of the church reformation in Switzerland, bible is sole authority says that wine and cracker were only symbolic

Answer 23

Ulrich Zwingli, Zürich

Question 24

a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation, founder of Calvinists

Answer 24

John Calvin

Question 25

written by John Calvin, a defining book of the Reformation and a pillar of Protestant theology.

Answer 25

Institutes of the Christian Religion

Question 26

the doctrine that all events have been willed by God, usually with reference to the eventual fate of the individual soul.

Answer 26

predestination

Question 27

Calvin set up his model Christian community, was a place of refuge for Protestants

Answer 27

Geneva

Question 28

the council of cardinals, with or without the Pope

Answer 28

Consistory

Question 29

He was the first European to correctly describe the function of pulmonary circulation

Answer 29

Michael Servetus

Question 30

founder of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland

Answer 30

John Knox

Question 31

Scottish Calvinists and English Protestants who advocated a national church composed of semiautonomous congregations governed by "presbyteries."

Answer 31

Presbyterianism

Question 32

French Calvinists

Answer 32

Huguenots

Question 33

United Provinces of the Netherlands, the rise of Calvinism in the Netherlands as the dominant religion set the stage for a revolt against the Inquisition of King Philip II of "Spain, the Netherlands declared its independence in 1581 (although it would not be officially recognized by all European powers until 1648)

Answer 33

Dutch Reformed Church

Question 34

a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship

Answer 34

Puritans

Question 35

the Church of England broke away from the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church, becoming a Protestant nation

Answer 35

English Reformation

Question 36

Translated the bible into english

Answer 36

William Tyndale

Question 37

King of England, had 6 wives, started the church of England

Answer 37

Henry VIII

Question 38

Queen of England, first wife of Henry VIII, gave birth to Mary Tudor

Answer 38

Catherine of Aragon

Question 39

Queen of England, second wife of Henry VIII, gave birth to Elizabeth Tudor

Answer 39

Anne Boleyn

Question 40

Leader of the English Reformation

Answer 40

Thomas Cranmer

Question 41

Started by Henry VIII, was considered Protestant but still had Catholic values

Answer 41

Church of England

Question 42

Established that English monarchs were the head of the English Church

Answer 42

Act of Supremacy

Question 43

subjects were ordered to accept the king's marriage to Anne as undoubted, true, sincere and perfect. Severed all English financial ties to Rome

Answer 43

Act of Succession

Question 44

affirmed half a dozen key Catholic beliefs and their denial was made punishable by law

Answer 44

Statute of the Six Articles

Question 45

Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, was the first English king to be raised Protestant

Answer 45

Edward VI

Question 46

Daughter of Henry VIII, tried to reverse the English Protestant Reformation by killing a ton of Protestants

Answer 46

Mary Tudor

Question 47

Queen of England and daughter of Henry VIII established Protestantism in England; defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588; maintained peace inside her previously divided country; and created an environment where the arts flourished

Answer 47

Elizabeth I

Question 48

those in a position of power who put the success and well-being of their state above all else

Answer 48

politique

Question 49

Religious settlement that cut all ties between England and Rome, while also defining the church of England

Answer 49

Elizabethan Settlement

Question 50

the historically defining statements of doctrines and practices of the Church of England with respect to the controversies of the English Reformation

Answer 50

Thirty-Nine Articles

Question 51

Wife of Martin Luther

Answer 51

Katherina von Bora

Question 52

Roman Catholic religious order of women who were dedicated to the education of young girls and providing care for the sick and needy

Answer 52

Angela Merici, Ursuline order of Nuns

Question 53

A Spanish nun who was a mystic and author of spiritual writings and poems. She founded numerous convents throughout Spain and was the originator of the Carmelite Reform that restored a contemplative and austere life to the order

Answer 53

Teresa de Avila

Question 54

the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. Created the doctrine of Catholic faith and fix many of the abuses in the church

Answer 54

Catholic (Counter) Reformation

Question 55

e encouraged the beginning of the reform movement that was to affect deeply the Roman Catholic Church in the later 16th century. He called the Council of Trent in 1545

Answer 55

Pope Paul III

Question 56

addressed church reform and rejected Protestantism, defined the role and canon of scripture and the seven sacraments, and strengthened clerical discipline in education.

Answer 56

Council of Trent

Question 57

list of publications deemed heretical or contrary to morality of Catholicism, all Catholics were banned from reading any book on this list

Answer 57

Index of Prohibited Books

Question 58

religious order of the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III.

Answer 58

Jesuits

Question 59

Founded the Jesuits

Answer 59

Ignatius Loyola

Question 60

Main purpose was to combat heresy and used aggressive forms of torture and murder

Answer 60

Spanish and Italian Inquisitions

Question 61

sometimes defined as the “stylish style” for its emphasis on self-conscious artifice over realistic depiction

Answer 61

Mannerism

Question 62

best known for his tortuously elongated figures painted in phantasmagorical pigmentation, which almost resembled chalk with its blunt vividness, painted in the mannerism style

Answer 62

El Greco

Question 63

a cultural and art movement that characterized Europe from the early seventeenth to mid-eighteenth century. emphasizes dramatic, exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted, detail.

Answer 63

Baroque Art

Question 64

an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in the world of architecture, he was more prominently the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture

Answer 64

Gianlorenzo Bernini

Question 65

purposefully designed to symbolize, “the mother church of Christianity” and its embracing welcome to the world.

Answer 65

Colonnade in piazza in front of St. Peter’s Basilica

Question 66

acts as a visual focus within the basilica; it is itself a very large structure and forms a visual mediation between the enormous scale of the building and the human scale of the people officiating at the religious ceremonies at the papal altar beneath its canopy.

Answer 66

St. Peter’s Baldachin

Question 67

Sculpture that shows the moment St. Teresa was awakened and brought to god

Answer 67

Ecstasy of St. Teresa

Question 68

where an artist keeps some areas of a painting totally black, allowing one or two areas to be strongly illuminated by comparison

Answer 68

Caravaggio, tenebrismo style

Question 69

a Flemish artist and diplomat from the Duchy of Brabant in the Southern Netherlands. He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque tradition

Answer 69

Peter Paul Rubens

Question 70

a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain and Portugal, and of the Spanish Golden Age. He was an individualistic artist of the Baroque period.

Answer 70

Diego Velázquez

Question 71

an Italian Baroque painter, is considered among the most accomplished seventeenth-century artists, initially working in the style of Caravaggio. She was producing professional work by the age of fifteen

Answer 71

Artemisia Gentileschi