Chapter 4 Flashcards
Chromosome
Structure in a cell’s nucleus that contains hereditary material.
A sexual reproduction
A type of reproduction -fission budding, and regeneration- in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to the parent organism.
Diploid
Cell whose similar to chromosome occur in pairs.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of 2 twisted strands of sugar phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases.
Egg
Haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs.
Fertilization
In sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and egg.
Gene
A section of DNA on chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins.
Haploid
Cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells.
Meiosis
Reproductive process that produces 4 haploid sex cells from one diploid cell ensures offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organisms.
Mitosis
Cell process in which the nucleus divides to form 2 nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps (Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase).
Mutation
Any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial, harmful, or have little effect on an organism.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
Sexual reproduction
A type of reproduction in which 2 sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity.
Sperm
Haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs; in humans, male reproductive cells produced in the testes.
Zygote
New diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; will divide by mitosis and develop into a new organisms.
