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Biochemistry > Regulation of Transcription > Flashcards

Regulation of Transcription Flashcards

1
Q

four types of DNA binding regulatory proteins

A

helix turn helix
zinc fingers
leucine zippers
helix loop helix

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2
Q

these proteins regulate genes involved in development

A

helix turn helix

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3
Q

these proteins are steroid hormone receptors

A

zinc finger motif

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4
Q

these proteins regulate cell division genes

A

leucine zipper

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5
Q

these proteins regulate immune system genes

A

helix loop helix

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6
Q

examples of DNA binding domains

A

homeodomains

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7
Q

how do DNA binding domains interact with the major groove of DNA

A

H-bonds
salt-bridges
hydrophobic interactions

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8
Q

two characteristics of DNA binding domains

A

rich in alpha helices

can bind to promoters and enhancer sequences

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9
Q

have an acidic patch that allows interaction with other transcription factors

A

activation domain

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10
Q

what can activation domains bind to

A

other transcription factors
RNA polymerase II
activators

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11
Q

genes are not transcribed unless an activator is present

A

positive control

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12
Q

positive control that turns genes on

A

activation

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13
Q

positive control that turns genes off

A

deactivation

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14
Q

genes are always transcribed unless a repressor is present

A

negative control

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15
Q

negative control that turns genes off

A

repression

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16
Q

negative control that turns genes on

A

derepression

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17
Q

a unit of genetic function consisting of groups of genes with related functions where a single promoter and operator serve to control the expression of all genes in that unit together

A

operons

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18
Q

where to operons primarily occur

A

in prokaryotes and nematodes

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19
Q

an inducible operon where transcription is stimulated in the presence of lactose

A

lac operon

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20
Q

a repressible operon where transcription is inhibited in the presence of tryptophan

A

trp operon

21
Q

lactose is made up of

A

galactose and glucose

22
Q

what form of lactose binds to the lac operon repressor

A

allolactose

23
Q

regulatory genes for the lac operon code for

A

repressor protein

CAP

24
Q

the lac repressor exhibits what kind of motif

A

helix turn helix

25
Q

what three enzymes are coded for in the lac operon

A

Beta-galactosidase
permease
transacetylase

26
Q

in conjuction with cAMP, serves as an indicator of glucose availability

A

CAP

27
Q

when there is no glucose and there is lactose

A

increase in cAMP and binding to CAP

50x increase in transcription of lac genes

28
Q

when there is glucose and lactose present

A

decreased cAMP and no binding to CAP

weak transcription

29
Q

when there is glucose and no lactose present

A

decreased cAMP and no binding to CAP

lac repressor present and no transcription

30
Q

how is trp operon different from lac operon

A

the presence of tryptophan causes the inhibition of the operon instead of its activation

31
Q

affect the configuration of chromatin and gene expression

A

chemical modification of histone tails

32
Q

how are histone tails modified

A

attachement of acetyl group to lysines

33
Q

protein recruited to keep histones deacetylated

A

HDAC

34
Q

activator protein binding recruits this protein which acetylates histones

A

HAT

35
Q

histone modification that prevents transcription

A

methylation at lysines and arginines residues

36
Q

what is the epigenetic regulation of histones in DNA

A

addition of methyl groups to cytosines of DNA

37
Q

limits body weight and cell proliferation

A

H19

38
Q

insulin like growth factor

A

IGF2

39
Q

on the maternal chromosome and enhancer drives expression of ____ and an insulator protein blocks ____expression

A

H19 and IGF2

40
Q

on paternal chromosome, methylation inactivates the ICR and block the ____ expression, enhancer drives ____expression

A

H19 and IGF2

41
Q

if H19 is mutated or missing this disease develops

A

angelman syndrome

42
Q

if IGF2 is mutated or missing this disease develops

A

prader-willi syndrome

43
Q

what binds to the TATA box

A

transcription factors

44
Q

what are close to the promoter

A

proximal control elements

45
Q

may be far away from a gene or even in an intron

A

enhancers

46
Q

what binds to enhancers

A

activators

47
Q

bind to silencer region of the DNA to inhibit expression of a particular gene

A

repressors

48
Q

describe the process of mRNA degradation

A

miRNA folds onto itself
dicer protein claves miRNA into smaller fragments
miRNA binds to protein complex
miRNA protein complex binds with mRNA
mRNA is degraded or translation is blocked

Biochemistry (18 decks)

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