Renal Pharmacology Flashcards
What do acetazolamides do?
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- inhibits carbonic anhydrase
- inhibits reabsorption of HCO3
- weak diuretic
What do Thiazides do?
- Distal convoluted tubule
- inhibit reabsorption of Na and Cl
- Most commonly prescribed diuretics
what are osmotic diuretics used for?
- Trauma
- keep kidneys working
- decrease intracranial pressure
What is the main concern with diuretics that increase Na excretion?
-hypo and hyperkalemia
What do Loop diuretics do?
- inhibit the Na/K.CL cotranspoter
- results in retention of Na, Cl and water in the tubule
- most efficacious diuretics
What does spironolactone do?
- blocks aldosterone action in the collecting duct
- diuretic
Normal plasma K+ levels are 3.5 to 5 mM. If the plasma K levels are 2mM, is the membrane potential hyper or hypopolaraized?
-Hyperpolarized
Spironolactone is a diuretic (works in collecting duct).
What is the effect of spironolactone (aldosterone blocker)
on plasma K+ levels?
Hyperkalemia
Furosemide (Lasix) is one of the most effective diuretic.
Inhibits Na/K/Cl transporter in ascending loop of Henle.
What is the effect of Furosemide on plasma K+ levels?
-hypokalemia
Thiazide diuretics are the most prescribed diuretics.
Inhibits Na/Cl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule.
What is the effect of thiazide diuretics on plasma K+ levels?
Hypokalemia
A child accidentally eats twenty grams of mannitol.
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic.
This child is likely to:
A. Produce more urine
B. Have constipation
C. Have diarrhea
D. I do not like trick questions
C. Have diarrhea
Mannitol is synthetic sugar, there is no transporter for mannitol. If you ingest it, it will not enter blood stream.