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Cardiopulm > Heart and Lung anatomy (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Heart and Lung anatomy (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

describe blood flow through heart

A

blood comes into R atria via superior and inferior vena cavas–> thru the tricuspid valve into the R ventricle, through the pulmonary semilunar valve up through the pulmonary arteries and to the lungs where it gets reoxygenated. Oxygen rich blood then goes back to heart through pulmonary veins into L atrium. From L atria–> through mitral valve (bicuspid valve) to the L ventricle where it leaves via aortic semilunar valve to go out to the whole body

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2
Q

what ventricle forms most of the base and the apex of the heart

A

L ventricle, apex extends into the 5th intercostal space.

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3
Q

diaphragmatic surface of the heart

A

left ventricle

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4
Q

sternocostal surface of the heart

A

R atrium and ventricle

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5
Q

what are the margins of the heart?
obtuse
acute
right

A

obtuse margin: (L) left ventricle
acute margin: (inferior) R ventricle
Right margin: superior vena cava and R atrium

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6
Q

what is the coronary sulcus of the heart

A

seperates L atrium and ventricle (where coronary sinus lays)

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7
Q

what is the fossa ovalis?

A

where the foramen ovale used to be in the fetal heart to allow blood to skip the lungs and go straight from R atrium to L atrium

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8
Q

what is the name of the jxn between rough pectinate mm and smooth sinus venarum

A

Crista terminalis

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9
Q

what collects in the coronary sinus?

A

venous blood that has already passed thru the cardiac mm

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10
Q

layers of pericardium

A

fibrous (outer)
Parietal serous (up against fibroud and secretes fluid to reduce friction)
fluid layer
visceral serious (ON heart)

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11
Q

what nerve innervates the pericardium and carries afferent info back from the pericardium?
What A&V supply the pericardium with blood?

A

pericardiophrenic N.

pericardiophrenic A&V

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12
Q

how do the coronary AA get blood pushed into them?

A

during elastic recoil of the aorta during diastole the blood gets pushed into the coronary AA

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13
Q

annuli fibrosi

A

four firmly connective tissue extensions that form 2 rings and seperates the myocardial mm of the atria from that of the ventricles, also creates a rigid attachment for all 4 valves to form around

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14
Q

what valve slams shut to cause S1

A

mitral valve

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15
Q

what happens if a papillary mm holding the mitral valve closed ruptures

A

mitral valve prolapse

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16
Q

what does mitral valve prolapse sound like?

A

lub click dub

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17
Q

what valves closes at the end of systole to make the dub sound?

A

pulmonary and aortic valves

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18
Q

what pathology sounds like leather rubbing and is caused by decreased serous fluid in the pericardial sac?

A

friction rub

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19
Q

myocardial blood supply:

right coronary artery

A

comes from R aortic sinus
supplies:
R atrium, SA and AV nodes, posterior portion of IV septum

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20
Q

artery to SA node

A

60% come from R cor. A
supplies:
SA node and pulmonary trunk

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21
Q

right marginal branch A

A

comes from R cor. A
supplies:
Rt. vent. and apex

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22
Q

post. interventricular A (post. descending)

A

comes from R cor. A
supplies:
R and L vents and IV septum

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23
Q

AV node artery

A

80% come from R coronary A
supplies:
AV node

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24
Q

L coronary A

A 
comes from L aortic sinus
supplies:
L atrium and vent
IV septum
AV bundle and AV node (40% of the time)
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25
Q

Artery to SA node

A

40% comes from circumflex branch
Supplies:
A node and L atrium

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26
Q

Anterior interventricular A

LAD, left ant. descending

A

comes from L cor. A
supplies:
R and L vents and IV septum

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27
Q

circumflex A

A

comes from L cor. A
supplies:
L atrium and Ventricles

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28
Q

L marginal branch A

if present

A

comes from L circumflex
supplies:
L border of L vent.

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29
Q

R coronary A supplies…

A 
R atrium
most of R vent
diaphragmatic surface of L vent
post 1/3 or AV septum
SA node in 60% of peeps
AV node in 80% of peeps
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30
Q

L coronary A supplies…

A

L atrium
most of L vent
ant. 2/3 of AV septum (including AV bundles)
SA node in 40% of peeps

31
Q

what percentage of ppl have R dominant distribution of arterial supply to heart?

A

70%

32
Q

what is R dominant distribution?

A

Post. Int. Vent. A arises from the R coronary A

33
Q

what is L dominant distribution?

A

only 10% of people, when circumflex branch of L coronary gives off the posterior inverventricular instead of it coming from the R coronary A.

34
Q

what is balanced distribution?

A

20% of people, occurs when both R and L coronary AA supply the posterior inverventricular AA

35
Q

great cardiac V goes with which A?

A

Ant. Inter Vent. A

36
Q

middle cardiac V goes with which A?

A

Post. Int. Vent. A

37
Q

small cardiac V goes with which A?

A

R marginal branch A

38
Q

what do the ant. cardiac VV do?

A

drain sternocostal surface of R vent. directly into R atrium

39
Q

Symp. NN have _______ pre synaptic and __________post synaptic neurons

A

short pre

long post

40
Q

parasymp. NN have _____pre synaptic and ________post synaptic neurons

A

long pre

short post

41
Q

when does the tricuspid valve close?

A

at beginning of systole

42
Q

when does the bicuspid (mitral valve close)

A

at beginning of systole

43
Q

what makes the first heart sound of “lub”

A

closing of AV valves at start of systole

44
Q

what makes the second heart sound of “dub”

A

closing of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) at the end of systole

45
Q

when do the semilunar valves close?

A

at the end of systole

46
Q

Best place to listen to heart valve sounds?

A

All- AORTIC- R side, 2nd int. space, next to sternum
Physicians- PULMONARY- L side, 2nd int. space, next to sternum
Take- TRICUSPID- L side, 5th int. space right by sternum
Money- MITRAL- L side, 5th space, mid clavicular line

47
Q

4 functions of respiratory system

A

gas exchange
fluid exchange
filtration
metabolism

48
Q

upper ribs move like a _______handle, the lower ribs move like a _________ handle?

A

upper=pump handle

lower= bucket handle

49
Q

in what position does your diaphragm have the most room for excursion?

A

supine

50
Q

mm in quiet inspiration:

A

diaphragm
ext. intercostals
tiny bit of int. intercostals

51
Q

mm in quiet expiration

A

passive recoil of lungs and diaphragm

abs

52
Q

mm in forced inspiration

A 
diaphragm and ex. intercostals plus... 
SCM
scalenes
levator scap
levator costarum
serratus posterior superior
53
Q

mm in forced expiration

A 
passive recoil and abs plus...
rectus abdominis
int. and ext. obliques
internal intercostals
serratus posterior inferior
54
Q

visceral and parietal pleuras are continuous with each other at what point?

A

the hilum

55
Q

pleura of lungs

A

parietal: several parts, against rest of cavity, costal pleura, mediastinal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura, cervical pleura. then u have the fluid then the visceral pleura which is right directly on the lung

56
Q

what is unique about the pulmonary ligament?

A

its not REALLY a ligament! just extensions of membranes, but does give slight support/stability to lungs

57
Q

anatomy of R lung

A

superior lobe
middle lobe
inferior lobe

oblique fissure separates superior and inferior lobes
horizontal fissure separates superior lobe from middle lobe.

58
Q

Anatomy of L lung

A

superior lobe
inferior lobe
separated by oblique fissure too!

59
Q

each lung has 3 principal surfaces, what are they?

A 
costal surface (contact ribs, cost. cartilages and sternum)
mediastinal surface (contact sides of vert. bodies)
diaphragmatic surfaces (convex dome of diaphragm)
60
Q

what defines a bronchopulmonary segment?

A

the bronchi, the pulm. AA and the pulm. VV draining that section of lung- so they can be surgically removed without disrupting the rest of the lung! (great design God)!

61
Q

bronchopulmonary segments in the upper lobe

A

anterior
apical
posterior

62
Q

bronchopulmonary segments in the middle lobe

A

lingula

63
Q

bronchopulmonary segments in the lower lobe

A

superior
posterior
lateral
anterior

64
Q

pneumothorax

A

traumatic injury to the wall of lung or infection in the lung itself that allows air to get into the pleural cavity and causes lung to collapse

65
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the pleural cavity (damage to int. vv/aa)

66
Q

hydrothorax

A

fluid in the pleural cavity (CHF, infection)

67
Q

atelectasis

A

sound of collapsed alveoli, sound they make when they pop back open, like snap,crackle, pop

68
Q

what will an X ray show with a collapsed lung

A

raised diaphragm on affected side
dec. intercostal spaces on affected side
shift of mediastinum toward affected side

69
Q

the L pulmonary artery is attached to teh arch of the aorta by the…??

A

ligamentum arteriosum

70
Q

the R pulmonary A crosses under what to reach the R lung?

A

the aortic arch

71
Q

the 2 small AA on the L that supply oxygenated blood to the bronchial tree come off what main A?

A

descending aorta

72
Q

the 1 small A that supplies the bronchial tree with oxygenated blood comes off what bigger A?

A

3rd post. intercostal A .

73
Q

what does the Vagus N do in the lungs?

A

bronchial constriction
dilates pulm. arterial smooth mm
increased glandular secretions

74
Q

what does sympathetic nerve stimulation do in the lungs?

A

bronchial relaxation,
contriction of smooth mm
decreased glandular secretions

Cardiopulm (10 decks)

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