Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology > Exam 2 - Completed by Anna at 6:45 PM > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Completed by Anna at 6:45 PM Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of center of gravity?

A

The point of application of force due to gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

____ and _____ are concentrated at the center of gravity

A

weight and mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the point where all forces appear to act?

A

Center of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

For an object to be in equilibrium, the sum of the torques around the body need to be _____

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the definition of line of gravity?

A

Line of application of gravity force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Center of gravity of the body is the sum of what?

A

segment center of gravities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Location of center of gravity of a human in normal standing position varies with what?

A

body build, age, and sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Female center of gravity is what?

A

55% of standing height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Male center of gravity is what?

A

57% of standing height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do women have a lower COG?

A

wider hips/pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

COG is usually at which vertebrae?

A

Second sacral vertabrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

COG of a combined segment is about ______ _____ COG of individual segments

A

halfway between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

COG helps facilitate ______.

A

motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

COG alters _____ ____

A

exercise loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 reasons to have a knowledge of COG?

A

Help facilitate motion, alter exercise loads, balance segments, and prevent falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When segments change position, so does what?

A

COG of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

COG rises when what?

A

When you raise the height of your body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When walking, the body has a _____ COG and ______ equilibrium

A

High

Unstable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When walking what can cause displacement of the body?

A

small forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Walking is what?

A

a sequence of disturbing and catching COG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

People _____ COG for protection when there is uncertainty in control and balance

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Uncertainty in control and balance may require what?

A

more energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Objects at rest = ?

A

equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

At equilibrium, force and torque = ?

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

All objects at rest are _________

A

not equally stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When an object in stable equilibrium is disturbed, what happens?

A

It moves, but the COG will return to its initial position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are some examples of objects in stable equilibrium?

A

weebles, rocking chair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What happens in unstable equilibrium?

A

COG is disturbed and finds new position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The new position of COG when an unstable object moves is what?

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What happens when an object is in neutral equilibrium?

A

COG does not fall or return to initial position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is an example of a neutral object?

A

A ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are 4 factors affecting stability?

A
  • Size and shape of base of support
  • Height of COG above base of support
  • Location of LOG within base of support
  • Weight or mass of body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which LOG location would have best stability?

A

central to base of support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The center of gravity in the base of support is more stable with a _____ base

A

larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When in a staggered position, the COG has resistance to which forces?

A

AP forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When feet are spread shoulder-width apart, COG has resistance to which forces?

A

lateral forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Squatting position has more _______ ______

A

Lateral stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

More angular displacement can occur before COG goes ____ _____

A

beyond BOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

When LOG is within BOS, this = ?

A

equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Mass of body is only a factor when what?

A

when motion or an external force is involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The greated the mass of the body, the _____ the stability

A

greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is mobility’s relationship with stability?

A

inverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the critical point?

A

change of state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are important factors in mobility?

A

COG, LOG, BOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is force?

A

Entity which produces, halts, or changes direction of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How does force function?

A

Push or pull through contact or gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Force alters what?

A

the motion of body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Force = ?

A

mass*acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

W=?

A

mass * gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Weight is a force caused by what?

A

pull of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is load?

A

weight of an external object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is strength?

A

the ability to lift or move weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

P=?

A

Force / Area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Force is a _____ ______

A

vector quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are the aspects of force?

A

magnitude, point of application, line of application, direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

For a weight lifter to lift a 250 N barbell, what must they do?

A

apply a force greater than 250 N, in an upward direction, through the center of gravity of the barbell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is newton’s first law?

A

An object at rest remains at rest, object in motion remains in motion, unless acted on by a force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to what?

A

The force causing it and inversely proportional to the mass of the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Heavier objects wil have a ______ acceleration

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is newton’s third law?

A

For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force

61
Q

Injuries occur when you have what?

A

unequal forces

62
Q

Pulleys are ____ or ____ systems

A

linear, concurrent

63
Q

Pulleys can be in _____ or ____ positions

A

fixed, movable

64
Q

What do pulleys do?

A

change the direction of force

65
Q

What do single fixed pulleys do?

A

changes the line of action of force

66
Q

single fixed pulleys have what mechanical advantage?

A

None

67
Q

What is an example of a single fixed pulley?

A

cervical traction pulley

68
Q

How do anatomical pulleys work?

A

Tendons deflected from straight course by bony prominences or soft tissue

69
Q

What do anatomical pulleys do?

A

changes the angle of pull of muscle providing the force

70
Q

Increase in angle of pull, increases what?

A

rotary component

71
Q

When there is more force in the rotary component, there is more force in the ______ ______

A

osteokinematic motion

72
Q

What are levers?

A

Rigid bars that can rotate about a fixed point when a force is applied to overcome a resistance

73
Q

What are levers used to do?

A
  • Overcome a resistance larger than the magnitude of the effort applied
  • Increase the speed and range of motion through with a resistance can be moved
74
Q

What are the 3 forces of levers?

A

axis/pivot, weight/resistance, moving/holding force

75
Q

What are the moment arms of a lever?

A

effort arm, weight arm

76
Q

What is the effort arm?

A

distance from pivot to force

77
Q

What is the weight arm?

A

distance from pivot to weight

78
Q

What is mechanical advantage?

A

Ratio between length of force arm and length of weight arm

79
Q

MA=?

A

Force arm/ weight arm = Weight/ Force

80
Q

A first class lever has what type of advantage?

A

force or distance

81
Q

Where is the pivot on a first class lever?

A

Between the weight and force

82
Q

A second class lever has what type of advantage?

A

force advantage

83
Q

Where is the weight in a second class lever?

A

between the pivot and force

84
Q

What is an example of a second class anatomical lever

A

hips

85
Q

What kind of advantage does a 3rd class lever have?

A

distance advantage

86
Q

Where is the force in a 3rd class lever?

A

between the pivot and weight

87
Q

Which type of lever is the most prevalent in the body?

A

3rd class lever

88
Q

In a 3rd class lever, how much force must you apply?

A

twice the force of the weight

89
Q

When MA > 1, what type of advantage does the lever have?

A

force advantage

90
Q

When MA < 1, what type of advantage does the lever have?

A

distance advantage

91
Q

What is torque?

A

When a force is properly exerted on a rigid body pivoted about some axis, the body will tend to rotate about that axis

92
Q

Torque is the tendency of what?

A

of a force to rotate a body about an axis

93
Q

t = ?

A

r F sin f

94
Q

d (moment arm) = ?

A

r sin f

95
Q

Perpendicular distance from _____ to line of action of force

A

axis

96
Q

clockwise torque =?

A

negative torque

97
Q

counterclockwise torque = ?

A

positive torque

98
Q

Torque in the arm is most when the resistance arm is where?

A

at 90 degrees from the LOG

99
Q

Muscle forces that exert torque are dependent on what?

A

point of insertion of the muscle and length, tension, and angle of pull changes

100
Q

What is Kinesiology?

A

the science dedicated to broad area of human movement

101
Q

What are the subjects that are related to kinesiology?

A

sport psychology, motor learning, exercise physiology, biomechanics

102
Q

Kinesiology is more ______ than biomechanics

A

qualitative

103
Q

What is biomechanics

A

The application of principles and techniques of mechanics to structure, functions, and capabilities of living organisms

104
Q

What subjects is biomechanics related to?

A

physics, chemistry, mathematics, physiology, and anatomy

105
Q

Biomechanics is more _____ than kinesiology

A

quantitative

106
Q

What is the purpose of the biomechanics of human movement?

A

describes, analyzes, and assesses human movement

107
Q

biomechanics analyzes what?

A

a variety of movements, what is the same about them, and what changes

108
Q

What is the definition of mechanics?

A

study of forces and their effects

109
Q

What is the application of mechanical princlples to human and animal bodies in movement and at rest?

A

biomechanics

110
Q

What are the 2 conditions of mechanics?

A

statics and dynamics

111
Q

What are statics?

A

things that are not moving. Humans that are at-rest or moving with constant velocity. No acceleration. “Uniform Motion”

112
Q

What are dynamics?

A

movement with acceleration/deceleration

113
Q

What are the 2 areas of study in mechanics?

A

Kinematics and kinetics

114
Q

What are kinematics?

A

the study of the effects/description of motion. displacement/velocity

115
Q

What are kinetics?

A

The cause of motion. Deals with moving objects, and the forces that act to produce those motions

116
Q

What are the 3 kinds of motion?

A

Linear, angular, and general

117
Q

What is linear motion also known as?

A

translation

118
Q

What is angular motion also known as?

A

rotary, rotation

119
Q

What is general motion?

A

a combination of linear and angular motion

120
Q

What limits the movement at the joints?

A

shape and fit

121
Q

In linear motion, the ______ as a _____ is moved from one point to another

A

body as a whole

122
Q

Any point on the object in linear motion can be used as a ______

A

reference point

123
Q

In general, when an object is moving in linear motion, the parts ____________________________________

A

do not move relative to one another

124
Q

What are the two types of linear motion?

A

rectilinear and curvilinear

125
Q

What is rectilinear motion?

A

straight-line progression of the object

126
Q

What is curvilinear motion?

A

Point on an object or body that moves in a linear fashion, but moved in a curved line

127
Q

Objects moving in angular motion move around a _______

A

relatively fixed point

128
Q

All points, regardless of how far they are from the pivot will what?

A

go through the same angle

129
Q

Most of our joints go through what kind of motion?

A

general

130
Q

Most projectiles move through what kind of motion?

A

general

131
Q

What are the factors that determine linear motion?

A

The object is free to move
uniform force against the side of the object
force is direct to COG
Motion occurs unless there is resistance

132
Q

What are the factors that determine angular motion?

A

Some portion fixed in place
Fulcrum or axis of rotation
force is applied to portion of the object that is free to move

133
Q

What are biomechanics measured in?

A

metric system and english gravitational system

134
Q

What is velocity measured in?

A

M/Sec^2

135
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

slugs

136
Q

What is force measured in?

A

lbs

137
Q

What does linear kinematics measure?

A

distance and displacement
speed and velocity
acceleration

138
Q

What is displacement?

A

change in position of an object

139
Q

What must you know to measure displacement?

A

initial and final coordinates

140
Q

Displacement is independent of a path if what?

A

end points are fixed

141
Q

What is velocity?

A

the ratio of an object’s displacement and time interval

142
Q

Speed is the ______, velocity includes _____

A

number

direction

143
Q

What is average acceleration?

A

the ratio of change in velocity and time interval

144
Q

Average acceleration is also said to be the rate at which you are what?

A

increasing or decreasing your speed

145
Q

Different parts of the body have different ____ and _____

A

velocities and accelerations

146
Q

velocity and acceleration depends on what?

A

how far the point is from the axis

147
Q

Points near the axis have a displacement of _____ than those farther away

A

less

148
Q

A point closer to the pivot has a smaller ______ ______

A

linear velocity

149
Q

The furster a point is from the pivot point, the ______ its linear variables will be.

A

larger

Kinesiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions