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Pharm U3 > 5) Non-medical Drug Tox > Flashcards

5) Non-medical Drug Tox Flashcards

1
Q

What is the class for Nalmefene (Revex)

A

Opiod antagonist

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2
Q

What are the important side effects for Nalmefene (Revex)

A

May produce a prolonged withdrawal state (nausea, vomiting, piloerection, yawning)

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3
Q

What is the class for N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A

Antioxidant

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4
Q

What is the mechanism for N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A

Supplies sulfhydryl groups to glutathione; improves microcirculation, provides anti-inflammatory effect

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5
Q

What are the therapeutics for N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A

Acetaminophen overdose

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6
Q

What is the mechanism for Fomepizole (Antizol)

A

Blocks alcohol dehydrogenase

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7
Q

What are the therapeutics for Fomepizole (Antizol)

A

Methanol & ethylene glycol poisoning

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8
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Fomepizole (Antizol)

A

Very expensive

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9
Q

What is the class for Cocaine

A

CNS stimulant

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10
Q

What is the mechanism for Cocaine

A

Blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

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11
Q

What are the therapeutics for Cocaine

A

Topical anesthetic, combined vasoconstrictor and local anesthetic

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12
Q

What are the important side effects for Cocaine

A

Sympathetic effects; paranoia, aggression

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13
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Cocaine

A

Rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma cholinesterase; crack is the free base form

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14
Q

What is the class for LSD

A

Schedule I Hallucinogen

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15
Q

What is the mechanism for LSD

A

Agonist at 5HT2A receptors on Raphe cell body –> inhibition of Raphe Nuclei firing –> increased sensory input; partial dopamine agonist

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16
Q

What are the therapeutics for LSD

A

Schedule I hallucinogen; model hallucinogen against which all others compared; limited studies in psychoanalysis, alcoholism, autistic children, and terminal cancer patients

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17
Q

What are the important side effects for LSD

A

Bad trips (anxiety attack, panic attack), flashbacks, “street drug” lifestyle; no overdoses, birth defects, or chronic psychoses linked to LSD

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18
Q

What are the miscellaneous for LSD

A

Oxidized in liver; cross tolerance with mescaline and psilocybin

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19
Q

What is the class for Mescaline

A

Schedule I Hallucinogen

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20
Q

What is the mechanism for Mescaline

A

Agonist at 5HT2A receptors on Raphe cell body –> inhibition of Raphe Nuclei firing –> increased sensory input; partial dopamine agonist

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21
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Mescaline

A

Cross tolerance with LSD and psilocybin

22
Q

What is the class for Psilocybin

A

Schedule I Hallucinogen

23
Q

What is the mechanism for Psilocybin

A

Agonist at 5HT2A receptors on Raphe cell body –> inhibition of Raphe Nuclei firing –> increased sensory input; partial dopamine agonist

24
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Psilocybin

A

Cross tolerance with mescaline and LSD

25
Q

What is the class for Phencyclidine (PCP)

A

Dissociative anesthetic

26
Q

What is the mechanism for Phencyclidine (PCP)

A

Antagonist of ion channel associated with NDMA receptor; agonist at mu opioid receptors

27
Q

What are the important side effects for Phencyclidine (PCP)

A

Violent behavior, coma, seizures, arrest; inexplicable psychoses

28
Q

What are the other side effects for Phencyclidine (PCP)

A

Dissociation, confusion, ataxia, marked nystagmus

29
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Phencyclidine (PCP)

A

Long half-life due to being highly lipid soluble and having active metabolites

30
Q

What is the mechanism for Amphetamines (Benzadrine)

A

Indirect sympathomimetic (release biologic amines from nerve terminals in periphery and in CNS); dopamine most important

31
Q

What are the therapeutics for Amphetamines (Benzadrine)

A

Narcolepsy, ADHD

32
Q

What are the important side effects for Amphetamines (Benzadrine)

A

Vasospasm leading to possible stroke or MI, arrhythmia, weight loss (anorectic effect)

33
Q

What are the other side effects for Amphetamines (Benzadrine)

A

Tremor, anxiety, irritability, confusion, possibly paranoid state

34
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Amphetamines (Benzadrine)

A

Others: dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), methamphetamine (Desoxyn), methylphenidate (Ritalin)

35
Q

What is the class for Marijuana (THC)

A

Cannabinoid

36
Q

What is the mechanism for Marijuana (THC)

A

Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors)

37
Q

What are the therapeutics for Marijuana (THC)

A

Schedule I hallucinogen; anti-emetic, anti-nausea, and appetite stimulate for cancer chemotherapy and AIDS patients; analgesic for neuropathic pain; potentially: glaucoma, asthma, anxiolytic, migraine, and multiple sclerosis treatment

38
Q

What are the important side effects for Marijuana (THC)

A

Vasodilation –> tachycardia, dilation of conjunctival vessels, bronchodilation, decreased intraocular pressure, hunger

39
Q

What are the other side effects for Marijuana (THC)

A

May impair reproductive function in adolescents; heavy use may impair development of very young users; possible respiratory damage due to tar

40
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Marijuana (THC)

A

Active ingredient is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; metabolized by P450, with chronic use inducing enzyme; highly lipid soluble

41
Q

What is the class for Anandamide

A

Endogenous cannabinoid

42
Q

What is the mechanism for Anandamide

A

Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors)

43
Q

What are the therapeutics for Anandamide

A

Endogenous cannabinoid

44
Q

What is the class for Dronabinol (Marinol)

A

Synthetic THC

45
Q

What is the mechanism for Dronabinol (Marinol)

A

Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors)

46
Q

What are the therapeutics for Dronabinol (Marinol)

A

Schedule III drug; anti-emetic, anti-nausea, and appetite stimulate for cancer chemotherapy and AIDS patients

47
Q

What is the class for Nabilone (Cesamet)

A

Synthetic THC

48
Q

What is the mechanism for Nabilone (Cesamet)

A

Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors)

49
Q

What are the therapeutics for Nabilone (Cesamet)

A

Schedule II drug; treatment-resistant nausea and vomiting, weight loss and anorexia in AIDS patients

50
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Nabilone (Cesamet)

A

Less psychoactive side effects than marijuana

Pharm U3 (13 decks)

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