Glycolysis

Question 0

Glucose and ATP

to

Glucose-6-phosphotase

Answer 0

Hexokinase (Muscle and Liver)
Km glucose= 0.1 mM (high affinity for glucose and is saturated at physiological concentrations of glucose)

Glucokinase= 10 mM (low affinity for glucose and not easily saturated; lots of glycolysis)

Mg(2+) is a positive regulator (shields negative charges of ATP)

Question 1

Two types of glycolysis

Answer 1

Aerobic= Glucose to Pyruvate

Anaerobic= Glucose to Lactate

Question 2

Glucose-6-Phosphate and ATP

to

Fructose-6-Phosphate and ADP

Answer 2

Phosphoglucose Isomerase

Question 3

Fructose-6-Phosphate

to

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Answer 3

6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK)

Needs Mg(2+) to shield negative ATP charge

Question 4

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate (DHAP)

Answer 4

Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase

Two products interconverted by isomerase reaction (triose-isomerase)

Question 5

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP), NAD(+), and Phosphate

to

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and NADH

Answer 5

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)

Synthesizes a high energy intermediate

Question 6

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and ADP to 3-Phosphoglycerate and ATP

Answer 6

Phosphorglycerate kinase

Needs Mg (2+)

Question 7

3-Phosphoglycerate to 2-Phosphoglycerate

Answer 7

Phosphoglycerate mutase

Mutate catalyzes the transfer of functional group to a new position on a molecule. Energetically neutral.

Question 8

2-Phosphoglycerate to phosphophenolpyruvate (PEP) and H2O

Answer 8

Enolase

Question 9

Phosphophenolpyruvate and ADP to Pyruvate and ATP

Answer 9

Pyruvate Kinase
Irreversible, HEAVILY REGULATED

Regulated by: ATP (-), cAMP (-), Alanine (-)

Cleavage coupled to the synthesis of ATP during formation of Pyruvate

Question 10

Pyruvate and NADH to L-Lactate and NAD

Answer 10

Lactate Dehydrognase

Question 11

Glucose Transport: GLUT2

Answer 11

In the Liver,