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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 4 Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiation of cells has caused them to lose what ability?

A

Perform all of the metabolic functions

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2
Q

What is the study of the microscopic anatomy of tissues and organs?

A

Histology and micro anatomy

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3
Q

What are the four tissues in the body?

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

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4
Q

What does the epithelial tissue do?

A

Covers and lines

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5
Q

What does the connective tissue do?

A

Provides support

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6
Q

What does the muscle tissue do?

A

Enables movement

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7
Q

What does the nervous tissue do?

A

Controls work

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8
Q

What are the 5 functions of epithelial tissue?

A 
Protects, covers, and lines
Filters biochemical substance
Absorb nutrients 
Provide sensory input 
Manufactures secretions and excretions
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9
Q

What are the 2 ends of the polar epithelial cell?

A

Apical and basal surface

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10
Q

How does avascular epithelial tissue receive nourishment to stay alive?

A

Rely on underlying connective tissue to provide oxygen and nutrients

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11
Q

What are the 3 junctional complexes that bind adjacent epithelial cells?

A

Gap junction
Tight junction
Desmosome

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12
Q

What does the gab junction do?

A

Allow exchange and passage of ions and nutrients

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13
Q

What does tight junction do?

A

Prevent no leaks

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14
Q

What does desmosome do?

A

Connects the plasma membrane

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15
Q

The basement membrane serves to connect which types of tissue?

A

Epithelial cell to connective tissue

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16
Q

What is another name for the basement membrane?

A

Basal lamina

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17
Q

What function does keratin serve in an epithelial cell?

A

A protective waterproof substance

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18
Q

What is the function/purpose of microvilli?

A

Increases the surface area thereby increasing the absorptive ability of the cell

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19
Q

What two systems of the body are cilia found?

A

Respiratory and reproduction

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20
Q

When is the epithelial tissue considered stratified?

A

If there is more than one layer of cells

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21
Q

What are the 3 shapes of epithelial cells?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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22
Q

What 2 things can pass between simple squamous epithelial cells?

A

Gas or liquid

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23
Q

Glands are usually made of epithelial cells of what shape?

A

Cuboidal

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24
Q

What type of epithelium lines the GI tract and why does it have a brush border?

A

Simple columnar epithelial for absorption

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25
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium is found in areas of the body that are subject to what stresses?

A

Mechanical and chemical

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26
Q

Which type of epithelium is rare to find in the body?

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

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27
Q

All cells of pseudostratified columnar epithelium touch what structure?

A

Basement membrane

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28
Q

What surface specialization is usually found on pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Luminal surface

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29
Q

Transitional epithelium is always associated with what system of the body?

A

Urinary Tract

30
Q

What is special about transitional epithelium?

A

Ability to stretch, forms a leak proof membrane

31
Q

Which type of gland contains ducts?

A

Exocrine

32
Q

Which type of gland contains sinusoids?

A

Endocrine

33
Q

What is the name of the cell that is unicellular exocrine gland? What does it produce?

A

Goblet cell

Produces mucus

34
Q

What epithelial cell shape has the unicellular gland modified from?

A

Columnar

35
Q

What type of epithelial cell is found in mammary glands and assists with the discharge of secretions into the ducts of the gland?

A

Myoepithelial

36
Q

If the main duct of an exocrine gland is branched, it is called what?

A

Compound gland

37
Q

In what type of exocrine gland do the cells lyse when it’s secretions are released?

A

Holocrine gland

38
Q

What manner of secretion do most glands of the body utilize?

A

Mucous

39
Q

Apical surface

A

Faces the lumen or body cavity

40
Q

Basal surface

A

Faces the underlying connective tissue

41
Q

Simple

A

Single layer of cells

42
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Line cavities
Blood vessels
Lungs
Kidneys

43
Q

Where is simple cuboidal found

A

Glands

44
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A

Digestive track

45
Q

What does the goblet cell do?

A

Manufacture and store mucus for lubrication

46
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Skin
Upper GI tract
Vagina
Rectum

47
Q

Cuboidal cells

A

Are attached to the basement membrane. As they mature they are pushed to the surface away from nutrients an lose their cytoplasm and nuclei

48
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium are found where?

A

Ducts of glands

49
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

Are rare.

50
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

All attach to the basement membrane. Found in respiratory tract

51
Q

Transitional epithelium are found where?

A

Urinary tract

52
Q

Gland

A

A cell or group of cells thy have ability to manufacture and discharge a secretion

53
Q

Endocrine glands

A

No ducts. Produce and secrete hormones that dump in bloodstream

54
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Contain ducts, do not enter into the circulatory system

55
Q

Unicellular exocrine gland: goblet cell

A

Ductless, secretes mucin, opens in GI tract, respiratory tracts, conjunctiva

56
Q

Multicellular exocrine glands

A

Secretory unit

Duct

57
Q

Secretory gland

A

Surrounded by connective tissue that provides nourishment and give structural support

58
Q

Duct

A

Carries secretion to its deposit site

59
Q

Simple

A

Main duct is unbranched

60
Q

Compound

A

Main duct is branched

61
Q

Merocrine

A

Glands packaged their secretions and release them via exocytosis as they are manufactured. Secretory glands remain intact

62
Q

Apocrine

A

Glands store their secretions in the apex of the secretory cell after they are manufactured. Pinches off and releases secretions

63
Q

Holocrine

A

Glands store their secretions until they are needed. Then explodes if needed

64
Q

3 major components of connective tissue

A

Extra cellular fibers
Ground substance
Cells

65
Q

Ground substance

A

Composed of glycoproteins called glycosaminoglyans. Shock absorbing

66
Q

Collagenous

A

Resist pulling forces

67
Q

Reticular

A

Thin, delicate, support for around highly cellular organs

68
Q

Elastic

A

Composed of protein elastin, stretch

69
Q

Fibroblast

A

Make the matrix of connective tissue blasts or hype cytes are not

70
Q

Adipose cells

A

Fat!

71
Q

Reticular cells

A

Net like connections with other cells

Anatomy And Physiology (6 decks)

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