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Term 2: Endocrine > Hypothalamus and Pituitary > Flashcards

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main components of the pituitary?

A
  • Neurohypophysis (posterior)

- Adenohypophysis (Anterior)

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2
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

A

-it is a central relay for collecting and integrating diverse signals and channeling them to the pituitary

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3
Q

What are the inputs to the hypothalamus?

A
  • Higher brain centers
  • Diurnal rhythms
  • Adjacent functional nucleii
  • ANS
  • FEEDBACK
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4
Q

What are the hormones of the posterior pituitary?

A
  • Antidiuretic Hormone

- Oxytocin

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5
Q

What are the effects of Oxytocin?

A
  • squirt milk

- relax tendons/ligaments during child birth

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6
Q

What happens if we’re releasing too much TRH?

A

-it will stimulate the release of Prolactin

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7
Q

What does Gonatotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) do?

A

-Stimulates LH and FSH release from the anterior pituitary

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8
Q

What does corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) do?

A

-Stimulates release of ACTH from the Anterior Pituitary

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9
Q

What does Dopamine DA do in the anterior pituitary?

A

-Inhibits the release of PRL (prolactin)

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10
Q

What does Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) do?

A

-Stimulates the release of TSH and prolactin from the anterior pituitary

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11
Q

What does Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) do?

A

-Stimulates the release of Growth Hormone from the Anterior pituitary

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12
Q

What does somatostatin (SS) do?

A

-inhibits the release of Growth Hormone and TSH from the anterior pituitary

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13
Q

What does Ghrelin do in the anterior pituitary?

A

-Stimulates Growth Hormone Release

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14
Q

What does ACTH do?

A

-Stimulates secretion of Glucocorticoids, Androgens, and mineralocorticoids

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15
Q

What does TSH do?

A

-Stimulates Thyroid hormone production from the thyroid

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16
Q

What does LH do?

A
  • Acts on interstitial cells of the ovary to stimulate production of estrogens, androgens, and progesterone
  • Acts on leydig cells of the testes to stimulate production of testosterone
17
Q

What does FSH do?

A
  • controls gametogenesis in both sexes

- Stimulates Sertoli cells in men

18
Q

What regulates the secretion of growth hormone?

A
  • GHRH
  • Somatostatin
  • Feedback
  • Ghrelin
  • Nutrition
19
Q

What is somatomedin-C IGF-I)?

A

-increases nucleic acid and protein synthesis of organs, especially chondrocytes

20
Q

What makes IGF-I?

A
  • liver
  • cartilage

***caused by Growth Hormone

21
Q

What does Growth hormone do in adipose tissue?

A
  • decreases glucose uptake

- increases lypolysis

22
Q

What does Growth Hormone do in the Liver?

A

-stimulates gluconeogenesis, protein synthesis, and IGF-I production

23
Q

What does Growth Hormone do in the Muscle?

A

–Decreases glucose uptake

-Increases amino acid uptake and protein synthesis

24
Q

What are the three main metabolic effects of Growth Hormone?

A
  • increase mobilization of Glucose
  • Increase protein synthesis
  • Increase lipolysis
25
Q

What nutritional/hormonal factors inhibit Growth Hormone?

A
  • Glucose increase
  • Free fatty acid increase
  • Growth hormone (feedback)
  • IGF-I (feedback)
26
Q

What stimulates release of IGF-I?

A

-Growth hormone

  • facilitated by insulin
  • in absence of GH, insulin will have no effect on IGF-I release
27
Q

What Inhibits release of IGF-I?

A
  • Fasting
  • Protein deprivation
  • Insulin deficiency
  • These factors may override the stimulatory effect of growth hormone
28
Q

What is acromegaly?

A
  • caused by too much growth hormone production during adulthood (after epiphesial plate closes)
  • can result in sever disfigurements
29
Q

What are the effects of Prolactin?

A
  • Milk synthesis

- secretion of milk by breast alveoli

30
Q

What regulates Prolactin secretion?

A
  • Dopamine (-)

- Neuroendocrine milk Reflex (+)

31
Q

Describe the Neuroendocrine “milk” reflex.

A
  • breast stimulus inhibits dopamine release from the hypothalamus which removes inhibition of prolactin from the anterior pituitary
  • Also stimulates oxytocin release from posterior pituitary
32
Q

What are the physiologic stimuli of ACTH?

A
  • Stress
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Fever
  • Adrenolytic Drugs

Term 2: Endocrine (6 decks)

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